वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-27, verse-28

ततो युद्धं समभवत् सुराणां राक्षसैः सह ।
क्रुद्धानां रक्षसां कीर्तिं समरेष्वनिवर्तिनाम् ॥२८॥

28. tato yuddhaṃ samabhavat surāṇāṃ rākṣasaiḥ saha ,
kruddhānāṃ rakṣasāṃ kīrtiṃ samareṣvanivartinām.

28. tataḥ yuddham samabhavat surāṇām rākṣasaiḥ saha
| kruddhānām rakṣasām kīrtim samareṣu anivartinām

28. tataḥ yuddham samabhavat surāṇām rākṣasaiḥ saha
kruddhānām samareṣu anivartinām rakṣasām kīrtim

28. Then a battle occurred between the gods and the demons, manifesting the glory of the enraged demons, who never retreated in battles.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - a battle (battle, fight, war)

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - occurred (occurred, arose, took place)

• सुराणाम् (surāṇām) - between the gods (of the gods, of the deities)

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - with the demons (with the demons, by the rākṣasas)

• सह (saha) - along with (with, along with, together with)

• क्रुद्धानाम् (kruddhānām) - of the enraged (of the enraged, of the furious ones)

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the demons (of the demons, of the rākṣasas)

• कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - the glory (fame, glory, renown)

• समरेषु (samareṣu) - in battles (in battles, in conflicts, in wars)

• अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those who never retreated (of those not turning back, of the unretreating)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - a battle (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yudh (4A, to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Functions as the subject of `samabhavat`.

समभवत् (samabhavat) - occurred (occurred, arose, took place)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of samabhū

Imperfect Tense

Imperfect tense 3rd person singular of sam-bhū (1P, to be, to become).

Prefixes: sam+a

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: 'A' is part of the root in imperfect.

सुराणाम् (surāṇām) - between the gods (of the gods, of the deities)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

Note: Indicates one party in the conflict.

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - with the demons (with the demons, by the rākṣasas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, rākṣasa

Note: Governed by `saha`.

सह (saha) - along with (with, along with, together with)

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धानाम् (kruddhānām) - of the enraged (of the enraged, of the furious ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, furious, angry

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh (4P, to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `rakṣasām`.

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the demons (of the demons, of the rākṣasas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, rākṣasa

Note: Here masculine, to agree with kruddhānām and anivartinām.

कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - the glory (fame, glory, renown)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, glory, renown, report

Derived from root kīrt (10U, to mention, praise).

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Implied as the object of an unstated verb or implicitly related to the battle's nature/outcome.

समरेषु (samareṣu) - in battles (in battles, in conflicts, in wars)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of samara

samara - battle, conflict, war, encounter

Note: Indicates the sphere of action for `anivartinām`.

अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those who never retreated (of those not turning back, of the unretreating)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anivartin

anivartin - not turning back, unretreating, resolute

Agent noun/adjective from root vṛt with prefix ni- and a- (negation)

Derived from a- (negation) + ni-vṛt (to turn back, retreat) + -in (agent suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+nivartin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• nivartin – one who turns back, retreating
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from ni-vṛt (to turn back, retreat) + -in (agent suffix).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rakṣasām`.