वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-33, verse-9

तपनेन गजः सार्धं राक्षसेन महाबलः ।
निकुम्भेन महातेजा नीलो ऽपि समयुध्यत ॥९॥

9. tapanena gajaḥ sārdhaṃ rākṣasena mahābalaḥ ,
nikumbhena mahātejā nīlo'pi samayudhyata.

9. tapanena gajaḥ sārdham rākṣasena mahābalaḥ
nikumbhena mahātejāḥ nīlaḥ api samayudhyata

9. The mighty Gaja fought with the Rākṣasa Tapana. Nīla, of great might, also fought with Nikumbha.

Words meanings summery:

• तपनेन (tapanena) - by the Rākṣasa Tapana (by Tapana)

• गजः (gajaḥ) - Gaja (a Vānara leader) (Gaja)

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with (indicating participation in battle) (together with, along with)

• राक्षसेन (rākṣasena) - by the Rākṣasa (referring to Tapana) (by the Rākṣasa, with the Rākṣasa)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty (of great strength, mighty, powerful)

• निकुम्भेन (nikumbhena) - by the Rākṣasa Nikumbha (by Nikumbha)

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - of great might (of great splendor, very brilliant, mighty)

• नीलः (nīlaḥ) - Nīla (a Vānara general) (Nīla)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even)

• समयुध्यत (samayudhyata) - fought in battle (fought, battled)

Words meanings and morphology

तपनेन (tapanena) - by the Rākṣasa Tapana (by Tapana)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tapana

tapana - Tapana (name of a Rākṣasa)

From √tap (to heat, torment)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Opponent of Gaja.

गजः (gajaḥ) - Gaja (a Vānara leader) (Gaja)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant; Gaja (name of a Vānara leader)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with (indicating participation in battle) (together with, along with)

(indeclinable)

From sa- (with) + ardha (half), meaning 'with a portion, together'.

Note: Governs the instrumental case (tapanena, rākṣasena).

राक्षसेन (rākṣasena) - by the Rākṣasa (referring to Tapana) (by the Rākṣasa, with the Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a Rākṣasa (demon), belonging to Rākṣasas

From rakṣas (harm, injury, evil spirit) + -a (suffix)

Note: Appositive to 'tapanena'.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty (of great strength, mighty, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful

Compound of mahā (great) + bala (strength)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'gajaḥ'.

निकुम्भेन (nikumbhena) - by the Rākṣasa Nikumbha (by Nikumbha)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nikumbha

nikumbha - Nikumbha (name of a Rākṣasa, son of Kumbhakarna)

Note: Opponent of Nīla.

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - of great might (of great splendor, very brilliant, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - of great splendor/energy/might, very brilliant

Compound of mahā (great) + tejas (splendor, power)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy, power
  noun (neuter)
  From √tij (to be sharp)
  Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nīlaḥ'.

नीलः (nīlaḥ) - Nīla (a Vānara general) (Nīla)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nīla

nīla - blue; Nīla (name of a Vānara general, son of Agni)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

अपि (api) - also (also, even)

(indeclinable)

समयुध्यत (samayudhyata) - fought in battle (fought, battled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Middle Voice

From sam-√yudh (to fight together, join battle)

Prefix: sam

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Acts as the verb for both clauses implicitly.

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