वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-33, verse-36

तं रथस्थमथो दृष्ट्वा सुषेणो वानरोत्तमः ।
गिरिशृङ्गेण महता रथमाशु न्यपातयत् ॥३६॥

36. taṃ rathasthamatho dṛṣṭvā suṣeṇo vānarottamaḥ ,
giriśṛṅgeṇa mahatā rathamāśu nyapātayat.

36. tam rathastham atha u dṛṣṭvā suṣeṇaḥ vānarottamaḥ
giriśṛṅgeṇa mahatā ratham āśu nyapātayat

36. atha u vānarottamaḥ suṣeṇaḥ rathastham tam
dṛṣṭvā mahatā giriśṛṅgeṇa ratham āśu nyapātayat

36. Then, seeing him (Vidyunmālī) in his chariot, Susheṇa, the excellent monkey, quickly struck down the chariot with a mighty mountain peak.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Vidyunmālī) (him, that)

• रथस्थम् (rathastham) - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon)

• उ (u) - indeed, certainly, and, also

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सुषेणः (suṣeṇaḥ) - Susheṇa

• वानरोत्तमः (vānarottamaḥ) - best of monkeys, excellent monkey

• गिरिशृङ्गेण (giriśṛṅgeṇa) - with a mountain peak

• महता (mahatā) - great, mighty, large

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - caused to fall, threw down, struck down

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Vidyunmālī) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vidyunmālī.

रथस्थम् (rathastham) - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing on a chariot, being in a chariot

Compound of ratha (chariot) and stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam.

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

उ (u) - indeed, certainly, and, also

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Acts as an indeclinable participle.

सुषेणः (suṣeṇaḥ) - Susheṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suṣeṇa

suṣeṇa - name of a monkey-chief, father of Tārā

वानरोत्तमः (vānarottamaḥ) - best of monkeys, excellent monkey

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānarottama

vānarottama - best of monkeys, excellent monkey

Compound of vānara (monkey) and uttama (best).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vānara+uttama)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of ud.

Note: Qualifies Susheṇa.

गिरिशृङ्गेण (giriśṛṅgeṇa) - with a mountain peak

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of giriśṛṅga

giriśṛṅga - mountain peak, summit of a mountain

Compound of giri (mountain) and śṛṅga (horn, peak).

Compound type : tatpurusha (giri+śṛṅga)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• śṛṅga – horn, peak, summit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental singular form used here is masculine.

महता (mahatā) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Adjective, declines like a consonant stem.

Note: Agrees with giriśṛṅgeṇa.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of nyapātayat.

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of the adjective āśu.

Note: Modifies nyapātayat.

न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - caused to fall, threw down, struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of ni-pat

imperfect active causative

Imperfect (Laṅ) of the causative stem (pātaya) of root pat (to fall) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)