वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-33, verse-44

निहतैः कुञ्जरैर्मत्तैस्तथा वानरराक्षसैः ।
चक्राक्षयुगदण्डैश्च भग्नैर्धरणिसंश्रितैः ।
बभूवायोधनं घोरं गोमायुगणसेवितम् ॥४४॥

44. nihataiḥ kuñjarairmattaistathā vānararākṣasaiḥ ,
cakrākṣayugadaṇḍaiśca bhagnairdharaṇisaṃśritaiḥ ,
babhūvāyodhanaṃ ghoraṃ gomāyugaṇasevitam.

44. nihataiḥ kuñjaraiḥ mattaiḥ tathā
vānararākṣasaiḥ cakrākṣayugadaṇḍaiḥ ca
bhagnaiḥ dharaṇisaṃśritaiḥ babhūva
āyodhanaṃ ghoraṃ gomāyugaṇasevitam

44. nihataiḥ mattaiḥ kuñjaraiḥ tathā
vānararākṣasaiḥ bhagnaiḥ dharaṇisaṃśritaiḥ
cakrākṣayugadaṇḍaiḥ ca āyodhanaṃ
ghoraṃ gomāyugaṇasevitam babhūva

44. By the slain, maddened elephants, and by Vanaras and Rākṣasas, as well as by broken wheels, axles, yokes, and poles lying on the ground, the battlefield became dreadful, frequented by hordes of jackals.

Words meanings summery:

• निहतैः (nihataiḥ) - by the slain elephants (by killed, by slain)

• कुञ्जरैः (kuñjaraiḥ) - by elephants

• मत्तैः (mattaiḥ) - by the maddened elephants (by maddened, by intoxicated)

• तथा (tathā) - and, so, thus, in that manner

• वानरराक्षसैः (vānararākṣasaiḥ) - by Vanaras and Rākṣasas

• चक्राक्षयुगदण्डैः (cakrākṣayugadaṇḍaiḥ) - by the broken parts of chariots (by wheels, axles, yokes, and poles)

• च (ca) - and

• भग्नैः (bhagnaiḥ) - by the broken chariot parts (wheels, axles, etc.) (by broken, by shattered)

• धरणिसंश्रितैः (dharaṇisaṁśritaiḥ) - by the chariot parts lying on the ground (by those resting on the ground, by those lying on the earth)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened

• आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battlefield, battle

• घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

• गोमायुगणसेवितम् (gomāyugaṇasevitam) - frequented by hordes of jackals

Words meanings and morphology

निहतैः (nihataiḥ) - by the slain elephants (by killed, by slain)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

derived from root √han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with kuñjaraiḥ.

कुञ्जरैः (kuñjaraiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kuñjara

kuñjara - an elephant

मत्तैः (mattaiḥ) - by the maddened elephants (by maddened, by intoxicated)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of matta

matta - intoxicated, maddened, furious, lustful

Past Passive Participle

derived from root √mad (to be exhilarated, drunk, mad)

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with kuñjaraiḥ.

तथा (tathā) - and, so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as 'and' here.

वानरराक्षसैः (vānararākṣasaiḥ) - by Vanaras and Rākṣasas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vānararākṣasa

vānararākṣasa - Vanaras and Rākṣasas

Dvanda compound of Vānara and Rākṣasa

Compound type : dvandva (vānara+rākṣasa)

• vānara – a monkey, an ape (a race of beings in Rāmāyaṇa)
  noun (masculine)
• rākṣasa – a Rākṣasa (a class of demons or giants)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the collective group of monkeys and demons.

चक्राक्षयुगदण्डैः (cakrākṣayugadaṇḍaiḥ) - by the broken parts of chariots (by wheels, axles, yokes, and poles)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cakrākṣayugadaṇḍa

cakrākṣayugadaṇḍa - wheel, axle, yoke, and pole

Dvanda compound of cakra, akṣa, yuga, daṇḍa

Compound type : dvandva (cakra+akṣa+yuga+daṇḍa)

• cakra – a wheel, disc, discus
  noun (neuter)
• akṣa – an axle, axis
  noun (masculine)
• yuga – a yoke, a pair
  noun (neuter)
• daṇḍa – a pole, staff, stick
  noun (masculine)

Note: As a dvandva compound, the gender tends to be masculine plural.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भग्नैः (bhagnaiḥ) - by the broken chariot parts (wheels, axles, etc.) (by broken, by shattered)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

derived from root √bhañj (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with cakrākṣayugadaṇḍaiḥ.

धरणिसंश्रितैः (dharaṇisaṁśritaiḥ) - by the chariot parts lying on the ground (by those resting on the ground, by those lying on the earth)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharaṇisaṃśrita

dharaṇisaṁśrita - resting on the earth, fallen on the ground

Tatpurusha compound: dharaṇī (earth) + saṃśrita (resting upon, resorting to)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharaṇī+saṃśrita)

• dharaṇī – the earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• saṃśrita – resting upon, resorted to, dependent on
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root √śri (to resort to, lean on) with upasarga sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with cakrākṣayugadaṇḍaiḥ.

बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √bhū

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The perfect tense can sometimes be used descriptively of past events.

आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battlefield, battle

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyodhana

āyodhana - a battlefield, battle, fight

Note: Subject of 'babhūva'.

घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fearful, formidable

Note: Agrees with āyodhanam.

गोमायुगणसेवितम् (gomāyugaṇasevitam) - frequented by hordes of jackals

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gomāyugaṇasevita

gomāyugaṇasevita - frequented by crowds of jackals

Compound: gomāyu-gaṇa (crowd of jackals) + sevita (frequented/attended by). Instrumental Tatpurusha (gomāyugaṇena sevitaṃ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gomāyugaṇa+sevita)

• gomāyugaṇa – a pack/horde of jackals
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpurusha compound: gomāyu (jackal) + gaṇa (horde)
• sevita – attended, frequented, inhabited
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root √sev (to attend, frequent)
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Agrees with āyodhanam.