वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-44, verse-38

हतैर्नागैश्च तुरगैर्भग्नाक्षैश्च महारथैः ।
हतैश्च राक्षसैर्भूमी रुद्धमार्गा समन्ततः ॥३८॥

38. hatairnāgaiśca turagairbhagnākṣaiśca mahārathaiḥ ,
hataiśca rākṣasairbhūmī ruddhamārgā samantataḥ.

38. hataiḥ nāgaiḥ ca turagaiḥ bhagnākṣaiḥ ca mahārathaiḥ
hataiḥ ca rākṣasaiḥ bhūmī ruddhamārgā samantataḥ

38. bhūmī hataiḥ nāgaiḥ ca turagaiḥ ca bhagnākṣaiḥ
mahārathaiḥ ca hataiḥ rākṣasaiḥ ca samantataḥ ruddhamārgā

38. The ground (bhūmī) had its paths obstructed on all sides (samantataḥ) by slain elephants, horses, great chariots with broken axles, and slain rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain, by the killed

• नागैः (nāgaiḥ) - by elephants

• च (ca) - and

• तुरगैः (turagaiḥ) - by horses

• भग्नाक्षैः (bhagnākṣaiḥ) - referring to chariots (by those with broken axles/wheels)

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great chariots (by great chariots, by great warriors)

• हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain, by the killed

• च (ca) - and

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by rākṣasas, by demons

• भूमी (bhūmī) - the earth, the ground

• रुद्धमार्गा (ruddhamārgā) - having paths obstructed, with roads blocked

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around, on all sides, in all directions

Words meanings and morphology

हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain, by the killed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally with nāgaiḥ, turagaiḥ, mahārathaiḥ, rākṣasaiḥ

नागैः (nāgaiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - elephant, serpent, cobra

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तुरगैः (turagaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of turaga

turaga - horse ('going swiftly')

From √tvar (to hasten) + ga (going)

Root: tvar (class 1)

भग्नाक्षैः (bhagnākṣaiḥ) - referring to chariots (by those with broken axles/wheels)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhagnākṣa

bhagnākṣa - having broken axles/wheels

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhagna+akṣa)

• bhagna – broken, shattered
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhañj (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• akṣa – axle, wheel, die (for gaming), sense organ
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to chariots (mahārathaiḥ)

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great chariots (by great chariots, by great warriors)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot, great warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahat, used as first member of compounds
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)

हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain, by the killed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally with rākṣasaiḥ

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by rākṣasas, by demons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil being, protector (derived from √rakṣ)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

भूमी (bhūmī) - the earth, the ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

रुद्धमार्गा (ruddhamārgā) - having paths obstructed, with roads blocked

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ruddhamārga

ruddhamārga - having its paths obstructed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ruddha+mārga)

• ruddha – obstructed, blocked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √rudh (to obstruct, block)
  Root: rudh (class 7)
• mārga – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhūmī'

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around, on all sides, in all directions

(indeclinable)

From samanta (all around) + suffix -tas (indicating direction/extension)