वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-44, verse-21

स तैः पञ्चभिराविद्धः शरैः शिरसि वानरः ।
उत्पपात नदन् व्योम्नि दिशो दश विनादयन् ॥२१॥

21. sa taiḥ pañcabhirāviddhaḥ śaraiḥ śirasi vānaraḥ ,
utpapāta nadan vyomni diśo daśa vinādayan.

21. sa taiḥ pañcabhiḥ āviddhaḥ śaraiḥ śirasi vānaraḥ
utpapāta nadan vyomni diśaḥ daśa vinādayan

21. sa vānaraḥ taiḥ pañcabhiḥ śaraiḥ śirasi āviddhaḥ
nadan daśa diśaḥ vinādayan vyomni utpapāta

21. That monkey, struck in the head by those five arrows, leaped up into the sky, roaring and making the ten directions reverberate.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them, by those

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five

• आविद्धः (āviddhaḥ) - struck, pierced

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head, in the head

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - Hanumān (monkey)

• उत्पपात (utpapāta) - he flew up, he leaped up

• नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting

• व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky, in space

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

• दश (daśa) - ten

• विनादयन् (vinādayan) - making reverberate, causing to resound

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the monkey.

तैः (taiḥ) - by them, by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the arrows.

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with śaraiḥ.

आविद्धः (āviddhaḥ) - struck, pierced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviddha

āviddha - struck, pierced, hit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vyadh (to pierce) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with vānaraḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Instrumental case, indicating the means by which the monkey was struck.

शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head, in the head

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Indicates location.

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - Hanumān (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

Note: Subject of the sentence, here Hanumān.

उत्पपात (utpapāta) - he flew up, he leaped up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of utpat

Perfect tense (Liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - roaring, shouting, sounding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √nad (to roar, sound) in present active voice.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the monkey while leaping.

व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky, in space

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyoman

vyoman - sky, atmosphere, space

Note: Indicates location where he leaped.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: Object of the verb vinādayan.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with diśaḥ.

विनादयन् (vinādayan) - making reverberate, causing to resound

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinādayat

vinādayat - making resound, causing to reverberate

Present Active Participle (causative)

Derived from causative of root √nad (to sound) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the monkey while leaping.