वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-44, verse-12

महत् सत्त्वमिदं ज्ञेयं कपिरूपं व्यवस्थितम् ।
प्रयत्नं महदास्थाय क्रियतामस्य निग्रहः ॥१२॥

12. mahat sattvamidaṃ jñeyaṃ kapirūpaṃ vyavasthitam ,
prayatnaṃ mahadāsthāya kriyatāmasya nigrahaḥ.

12. mahat sattvam idam jñeyam kapirūpam vyavasthitam
prayatnam mahat āsthāya kriyatām asya nigrahaḥ

12. idam mahat sattvam kapirūpam vyavasthitam jñeyam.
mahat prayatnam āsthāya asya nigrahaḥ kriyatām.

12. This is a great being (sattva) that has manifested in the form of a monkey and should be recognized as such. Exerting great effort, let its restraint be accomplished.

Words meanings summery:

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, vast, mighty)

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - being (sattva) (being, creature, essence, reality, existence, courage, goodness (sattva))

• इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

• ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - should be recognized (to be known, to be understood, recognizable)

• कपिरूपम् (kapirūpam) - in the form of a monkey (in the form of a monkey, having a monkey's form)

• व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - that has manifested (situated, abiding, fixed, manifested, appearing)

• प्रयत्नम् (prayatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, vast, mighty)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - exerting, by applying (having undertaken, having resorted to, by applying)

• क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be accomplished (let it be done, let it be made)

• अस्य (asya) - of this one (Hanuman) (of this, his)

• निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - restraint, capture (restraint, capture, suppression, arrest)

Words meanings and morphology

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, vast, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty, important

Present active participle (derived from mah 'to grow great' or root mah + at suffix)

Irregular participle from root mah (to grow).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Participle used as adjective.

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - being (sattva) (being, creature, essence, reality, existence, courage, goodness (sattva))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - being, existence, essence, spirit, creature, courage, true nature, goodness (one of the three guṇas)

From root as (to be) + tva suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative singular.

ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - should be recognized (to be known, to be understood, recognizable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, to be understood, knowable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed from root jñā (to know) + ya suffix (or eya suffix).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Expresses obligation or suitability.

कपिरूपम् (kapirūpam) - in the form of a monkey (in the form of a monkey, having a monkey's form)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kapirūpa

kapirūpa - in the form of a monkey, having the appearance of a monkey

Compound of kapi (monkey) + rūpa (form).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kapi+rūpa)

• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - that has manifested (situated, abiding, fixed, manifested, appearing)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - situated, fixed, arranged, manifested, determined

Past Passive Participle

From vi-ava-sthā (to stand, to be arranged) + kta suffix.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Participle used as adjective.

प्रयत्नम् (prayatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prayatna

prayatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt

From pra-yat (to strive) + na suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Object of āsthāya.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, vast, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty, important

Present active participle

Irregular participle from root mah.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Adjective qualifying prayatnam. Though mahat is typically neuter nom/acc singular, here it functions adjectivally with masculine accusative prayatnam. The expected form would be mahāntam.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - exerting, by applying (having undertaken, having resorted to, by applying)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ā-sthā (to stand upon, to undertake) + ya suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be accomplished (let it be done, let it be made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Passive imperative, 3rd person singular.

From root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अस्य (asya) - of this one (Hanuman) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine/neuter genitive singular.

Note: Possessive for nigrahaḥ.

निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - restraint, capture (restraint, capture, suppression, arrest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - restraint, capture, suppression, punishment, control

From ni-grah (to seize, to restrain) + a suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)