वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-44, verse-23

स कपिर्वारयामास तं व्योम्नि शरवर्षिणम् ।
वृष्टिमन्तं पयोदान्ते पयोदमिव मारुतः ॥२३॥

23. sa kapirvārayāmāsa taṃ vyomni śaravarṣiṇam ,
vṛṣṭimantaṃ payodānte payodamiva mārutaḥ.

23. sa kapiḥ vārayāmāsa tam vyomni śara-varṣiṇam
vṛṣṭi-mantam payoda-ante payodam iva mārutaḥ

23. sa kapiḥ vyomni śara-varṣiṇam vṛṣṭi-mantam
tam vārayāmāsa payoda-ante payodam mārutaḥ iva

23. That monkey (Hanumān) warded off that enemy in the sky, who was showering arrows, just as the wind (mārutaḥ) drives away a rain-laden cloud at the end of the monsoon season.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - Hanumān (monkey)

• वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - he warded off, he stopped

• तम् (tam) - the enemy (Durdhara) (him, that (one))

• व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky

• शर-वर्षिणम् (śara-varṣiṇam) - showering arrows, arrow-raining

• वृष्टि-मन्तम् (vṛṣṭi-mantam) - full of rain, rain-laden

• पयोद-अन्ते (payoda-ante) - at the end of the rain-cloud season (monsoon)

• पयोदम् (payodam) - rain-cloud

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• मारुतः (mārutaḥ) - The god of wind, Vāyu. (wind, deity of wind)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the monkey, Hanumān.

कपिः (kapiḥ) - Hanumān (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Note: Subject, Hanumān.

वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - he warded off, he stopped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vāray

Periphrastic perfect tense (Causative of √vṛ 'to cover, choose', or from √vṛ 'to ward off'), 3rd person singular, active voice. Formed with auxiliary verb √kṛ.

Root: vṛ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - the enemy (Durdhara) (him, that (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Durdhara, the object of 'warded off'.

व्योम्नि (vyomni) - in the sky

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyoman

vyoman - sky, atmosphere, space

Note: Location of the action.

शर-वर्षिणम् (śara-varṣiṇam) - showering arrows, arrow-raining

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaravarṣin

śaravarṣin - showering arrows, raining arrows

Compound noun/adjective from śara (arrow) and varṣin (showering) (agent noun from √vṛṣ 'to rain').

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣin)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣin – raining, showering
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root √vṛṣ
  Derived from √vṛṣ with suffix -in.
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam (Durdhara).

वृष्टि-मन्तम् (vṛṣṭi-mantam) - full of rain, rain-laden

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣṭimat

vṛṣṭimat - possessing rain, rainy, full of rain

Derived from vṛṣṭi (rain) with matup suffix (possessive).

Note: Agrees with tam (Durdhara), and serves as part of the simile, connecting Durdhara to a rain-cloud.

पयोद-अन्ते (payoda-ante) - at the end of the rain-cloud season (monsoon)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of payodānta

payodānta - end of the rainy season, end of clouds

Tatpuruṣa compound of payoda (rain-cloud) and anta (end).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (payoda+anta)

• payoda – rain-cloud (giver of water)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of payas (water) + da (giving).
  Root: dā (class 1)
• anta – end, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the time/context of the simile.

पयोदम् (payodam) - rain-cloud

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of payoda

payoda - rain-cloud (giver of water)

Compound of payas (water) + da (giving).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (payas+da)

• payas – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, bestowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Object in the simile, equated to 'tam' (Durdhara).

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

मारुतः (mārutaḥ) - The god of wind, Vāyu. (wind, deity of wind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māruta

māruta - wind, air, wind-god

Relating to marut (wind god).

Note: Subject in the simile, equated to 'kapiḥ' (Hanumān).