वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-44, verse-26

ततस्तं मथिताष्टाश्वं रथं भग्नाक्षकूवरम् ।
विहाय न्यपतद्भूमौ दुर्धरस्त्यक्तजीवितः ॥२६॥

26. tatastaṃ mathitāṣṭāśvaṃ rathaṃ bhagnākṣakūvaram ,
vihāya nyapatadbhūmau durdharastyaktajīvitaḥ.

26. tataḥ tam mathita-aṣṭa-aśvam ratham bhagna-akṣa-kūvaram
vihāya nyapatat bhūmau durdharaḥ tyakta-jīvitaḥ

26. tataḥ durdharaḥ tam ratham mathita-aṣṭa-aśvam
bhagna-akṣa-kūvaram vihāya tyakta-jīvitaḥ bhūmau nyapatat

26. Having abandoned that chariot, whose eight horses were crushed and whose axle and pole were broken, Durdhara then fell to the ground, lifeless.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, thereupon)

• तम् (tam) - that (chariot) (that, him, it)

• मथित-अष्ट-अश्वम् (mathita-aṣṭa-aśvam) - whose eight horses were crushed (whose eight horses were churned/crushed)

• रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (chariot)

• भग्न-अक्ष-कूवरम् (bhagna-akṣa-kūvaram) - whose axle and pole were broken

• विहाय (vihāya) - Having abandoned (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell (fell down)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• दुर्धरः (durdharaḥ) - Durdhara (the warrior) (Durdhara (proper name), hard to hold)

• त्यक्त-जीवितः (tyakta-jīvitaḥ) - lifeless (whose life is abandoned, lifeless, dead)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

तम् (tam) - that (chariot) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to ratham.

मथित-अष्ट-अश्वम् (mathita-aṣṭa-aśvam) - whose eight horses were crushed (whose eight horses were churned/crushed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mathita-aṣṭa-aśva

mathita-aṣṭa-aśva - having eight crushed horses

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mathita+aṣṭa+aśva)

• mathita – churned, crushed, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from root math (to churn, to crush)
  Root: math (class 1)
• aṣṭa – eight
  numeral
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound adjective describing ratham.

रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of vihāya.

भग्न-अक्ष-कूवरम् (bhagna-akṣa-kūvaram) - whose axle and pole were broken

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhagna-akṣa-kūvara

bhagna-akṣa-kūvara - whose axle and pole are broken

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhagna+akṣa+kūvara)

• bhagna – broken, shattered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from root bhañj (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• akṣa – axle, axis
  noun (masculine)
• kūvara – pole of a carriage, shaft
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound adjective describing ratham.

विहाय (vihāya) - Having abandoned (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from verb root hā (to leave, abandon) with upasarga vi- (apart, away) and suffix -ya (absolutive)

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Forms an action that precedes the main verb.

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell (fell down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of nipat

imperfect tense

Imperfect tense 3rd person singular, from root pat (to fall, fly) with upasarga ni- (down)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Sandhi: ni + apatat = nyapatat.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

दुर्धरः (durdharaḥ) - Durdhara (the warrior) (Durdhara (proper name), hard to hold)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdhara

durdhara - hard to bear, difficult to hold, proper name

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+dhara)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• dhara – bearing, holding, sustaining
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of nyapatat.

त्यक्त-जीवितः (tyakta-jīvitaḥ) - lifeless (whose life is abandoned, lifeless, dead)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyakta-jīvita

tyakta-jīvita - whose life is abandoned, lifeless, dead

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tyakta+jīvita)

• tyakta – abandoned, left, given up
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from root tyaj (to abandon, give up)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• jīvita – life, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from root jīv (to live), used as a noun meaning 'life'
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Describes Durdharaḥ.