वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-44, verse-20

तस्य पञ्चायसास्तीक्ष्णाः सिताः पीतमुखाः शराः ।
शिरस्त्युत्पलपत्राभा दुर्धरेण निपातिताः ॥२०॥

20. tasya pañcāyasāstīkṣṇāḥ sitāḥ pītamukhāḥ śarāḥ ,
śirastyutpalapatrābhā durdhareṇa nipātitāḥ.

20. tasya pañca āyasāḥ tīkṣṇāḥ sitāḥ pītamukhāḥ śarāḥ
śirasi tu utpalapatrābhāḥ durdhareṇa nipātitāḥ

20. tasya tu śirasi pañca tīkṣṇāḥ sitāḥ pītamukhāḥ
utpalapatrābhāḥ āyasāḥ śarāḥ durdhareṇa nipātitāḥ

20. Indeed, five sharp, white, iron arrows with yellow tips, resembling the luster of lotus leaves, were shot at his head by Durdhara.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, that

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• आयसाः (āyasāḥ) - made of iron, iron (arrows)

• तीक्ष्णाः (tīkṣṇāḥ) - sharp, keen, piercing

• सिताः (sitāḥ) - white, pale

• पीतमुखाः (pītamukhāḥ) - yellow-faced, yellow-tipped (arrows)

• शराः (śarāḥ) - arrows

• शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head, in the head

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• उत्पलपत्राभाः (utpalapatrābhāḥ) - having the luster/resemblance of lotus leaves

• दुर्धरेण (durdhareṇa) - by Durdhara (proper noun)

• निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - were struck down, caused to fall, shot

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Hanuman.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with śarāḥ.

आयसाः (āyasāḥ) - made of iron, iron (arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āyasa

āyasa - made of iron, relating to iron

Derived from ayas (iron)

Note: Agrees with śarāḥ.

तीक्ष्णाः (tīkṣṇāḥ) - sharp, keen, piercing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, piercing

Derived from root tij (to be sharp)

Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Agrees with śarāḥ.

सिताः (sitāḥ) - white, pale

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sita

sita - white, pale

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root śvit (to be white)

Root: śvit (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śarāḥ.

पीतमुखाः (pītamukhāḥ) - yellow-faced, yellow-tipped (arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pītamukha

pītamukha - yellow-faced, yellow-mouthed, having yellow tips/points

Bahuvrīhi compound. 'Mukha' refers to the tip/point of an arrow.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pīta+mukha)

• pīta – yellow, drunk
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from root pī (to drink) or related to 'yellow'
  Root: pī
• mukha – face, mouth, tip, front
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root mukh (to free, to loose)
  Root: mukh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śarāḥ.

शराः (śarāḥ) - arrows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Derived from root śṛ (to crush, tear)

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: The subject of nipātitāḥ.

शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head, in the head

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull

Note: Refers to Hanuman's head.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle, often used for emphasis or slight contrast

उत्पलपत्राभाः (utpalapatrābhāḥ) - having the luster/resemblance of lotus leaves

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of utpalapatrābha

utpalapatrābha - having the luster/resemblance of lotus leaves

Bahuvrīhi compound. 'utpala-patra' is a tatpuruṣa compound within.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (utpala+patra+ābha)

• utpala – water-lily, lotus
  noun (neuter)
• patra – leaf, feather, petal
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root pat (to fly, fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)
• ābha – resembling, having the luster of, shining
  adjective
  From root bhā (to shine) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with śarāḥ.

दुर्धरेण (durdhareṇa) - by Durdhara (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durdhara

durdhara - hard to bear/hold/control; proper name of a Rākṣasa

From root dhṛ (to hold, bear) with upasarga dur-

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb nipātitāḥ.

निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - were struck down, caused to fall, shot

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nipātita

nipātita - caused to fall, thrown down, struck down, shot

past passive participle (causative)

Past passive participle from causative of root pat (to fall) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śarāḥ.