वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-10, verse-31

असंवृतायामासीनो जगत्यां दीर्घमुच्छ्वसन् ।
अहो धिगिति सामर्षो वाचमुक्त्वा नराधिपः ।
मोहमापेदिवान्भूयः शोकोपहतचेतनः ॥३१॥

31. asaṃvṛtāyāmāsīno jagatyāṃ dīrghamucchvasan ,
aho dhigiti sāmarṣo vācamuktvā narādhipaḥ ,
mohamāpedivānbhūyaḥ śokopahatacetanaḥ.

31. asaṃvṛtāyām āsīnaḥ jagatyām dīrgham
ucchvasan aho dhik iti sāmarṣaḥ
vācam uktvā narādhipaḥ moham
āpedivān bhūyaḥ śokopahatacetanaḥ

31. narādhipaḥ asaṃvṛtāyām jagatyām
āsīnaḥ dīrgham ucchvasan sāmarṣaḥ
aho dhik iti vācam uktvā bhūyaḥ
śokopahatacetanaḥ moham āpedivān

31. Sitting on the bare ground, sighing deeply, the king, filled with indignation, exclaimed, "Alas, what a disgrace!" and then again fell into a state of unconsciousness (moha), his mind overwhelmed by grief.

Words meanings summery:

• असंवृतायाम् (asaṁvṛtāyām) - on the bare ground (on the uncovered, on the open, on the bare)

• आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - having sat (seated, sitting)

• जगत्याम् (jagatyām) - on the ground (on the earth, on the world, on the ground)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - deeply (deeply, long, for a long time)

• उच्छ्वसन् (ucchvasan) - sighing (breathing out, sighing)

• अहो (aho) - alas (alas, oh, ah)

• धिक् (dhik) - shame! (a curse) (shame, woe, fie)

• इति (iti) - thus, indicating direct speech (thus, so, indicates direct speech)

• सामर्षः (sāmarṣaḥ) - filled with indignation (indignant, angry, furious)

• वाचम् (vācam) - words, speech (word, speech)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king (king, lord of men)

• मोहम् (moham) - a state of unconsciousness (moha) (delusion, unconsciousness, bewilderment)

• आपेदिवान् (āpedivān) - fell into (attained, reached, fell into)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

• शोकोपहतचेतनः (śokopahatacetanaḥ) - his mind overwhelmed by grief (whose consciousness is overwhelmed by grief)

Words meanings and morphology

असंवृतायाम् (asaṁvṛtāyām) - on the bare ground (on the uncovered, on the open, on the bare)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of asaṃvṛtā

asaṁvṛtā - uncovered, open, bare (feminine)

Feminine form of asaṃvṛta, past passive participle of saṃvṛ (with a- negative prefix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃvṛtā)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• saṃvṛtā – covered, concealed, shut (feminine)
  adjective (past passive participle) (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From saṃ + vṛ (to cover).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies jagatyām.

आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - having sat (seated, sitting)

(adjective (participle))

Note: Qualifies narādhipaḥ.

जगत्याम् (jagatyām) - on the ground (on the earth, on the world, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of jagatī

jagatī - the earth, the world, ground

Feminine form of jagat (moving, living), used as a noun for the earth.

Root: gam (class 1)

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - deeply (deeply, long, for a long time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying ucchvasan. Accusative singular neuter of the adjective dīrgha.

उच्छ्वसन् (ucchvasan) - sighing (breathing out, sighing)

(adjective (participle))

Note: Qualifies narādhipaḥ.

अहो (aho) - alas (alas, oh, ah)

(indeclinable)

Note: Exclamatory particle.

धिक् (dhik) - shame! (a curse) (shame, woe, fie)

(indeclinable)

Expresses contempt, disgust, sorrow.

Note: Expresses reproach or indignation.

इति (iti) - thus, indicating direct speech (thus, so, indicates direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotative particle.

सामर्षः (sāmarṣaḥ) - filled with indignation (indignant, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāmarṣa

sāmarṣa - with anger, indignant, furious

From sa (with) + amarṣa (indignation).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+amarṣa)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable (prefix)
• amarṣa – indignation, impatience, anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From a- (not) + mṛṣ (to endure), implying inability to endure.
  Root: mṛṣ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies narādhipaḥ.

वाचम् (vācam) - words, speech (word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word, language

Root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of uktvā.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable (absolutive))

Note: Indicates prior action.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

Compound of nara (man) and adhipa (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (over) + root pā (to protect, rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

मोहम् (moham) - a state of unconsciousness (moha) (delusion, unconsciousness, bewilderment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, bewilderment, unconsciousness, infatuation (moha)

From root muh (to be bewildered, faint).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Object of āpedivān.

आपेदिवान् (āpedivān) - fell into (attained, reached, fell into)

(adjective (participle))

Note: Qualifies narādhipaḥ.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Comparative adverbial form of bahu (much).

Note: Modifies āpedivān.

शोकोपहतचेतनः (śokopahatacetanaḥ) - his mind overwhelmed by grief (whose consciousness is overwhelmed by grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokopahatacetana

śokopahatacetana - one whose consciousness is afflicted/overwhelmed by grief

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+upahata+cetana)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, anguish
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to grieve, lament).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• upahata – afflicted, struck, overwhelmed, injured
  adjective (past passive participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From upa + han (to strike, injure).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)
• cetana – consciousness, mind, thinking, living being
  noun (masculine)
  From root cit (to perceive, know).
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Qualifies narādhipaḥ.