वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-10, verse-2

तां तत्र पतितां भूमौ शयानामतथोचिताम् ।
प्रतप्त इव दुःखेन सो ऽपश्यज्जगतीपतिः ॥२॥

2. tāṃ tatra patitāṃ bhūmau śayānāmatathocitām ,
pratapta iva duḥkhena so'paśyajjagatīpatiḥ.

2. tām tatra patitām bhūmau śayānām atathocitām
prataptaḥ iva duḥkhena saḥ apaśyat jagatīpatiḥ

2. jagatīpatiḥ saḥ tatra duḥkhena prataptaḥ iva
bhūmau patitām atathocitām śayānām tām apaśyat

2. The lord of the earth (King Dasharatha) saw her there, lying fallen on the ground in a manner utterly unsuited to her rank, as if tormented by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - her (Kaikeyi) (her, that)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (in the inner apartment) (there, in that place)

• पतिताम् (patitām) - fallen (fallen, dropped, degraded)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• शयानाम् (śayānām) - lying (on the ground) (lying, resting, sleeping)

• अतथोचिताम् (atathocitām) - in a manner utterly unsuited to her (rank) (unsuited, improper, not accustomed to such (a state))

• प्रतप्तः (prataptaḥ) - tormented (by sorrow) (scorched, tormented, burning with grief)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow (by sorrow, by pain, by suffering)

• सः (saḥ) - he (King Dasharatha) (he, that)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw (he saw, he beheld)

• जगतीपतिः (jagatīpatiḥ) - the lord of the earth (King Dasharatha) (lord of the earth, king)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - her (Kaikeyi) (her, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to Kaikeyi.

तत्र (tatra) - there (in the inner apartment) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with suffix 'tra'.

पतिताम् (patitām) - fallen (fallen, dropped, degraded)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended, degraded

Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tām' and 'śayānām'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

Note: Indicates the location of her state.

शयानाम् (śayānām) - lying (on the ground) (lying, resting, sleeping)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, sleeping, resting

present participle (ātmanepada)

From root śī (to lie, sleep) with suffix -āna.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tām' and 'patitām'.

अतथोचिताम् (atathocitām) - in a manner utterly unsuited to her (rank) (unsuited, improper, not accustomed to such (a state))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of atathocitā

atathocita - unsuitable, improper, not accustomed to such a state

Compound of 'a' (negation) + 'tathā' (thus) + 'ucita' (proper). Nañ-tatpuruṣa.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tathā+ucita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• ucita – proper, suitable, accustomed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vac (to speak) or uc (to be pleased). Often means 'proper'.
  Root: uc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tām'.

प्रतप्तः (prataptaḥ) - tormented (by sorrow) (scorched, tormented, burning with grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratapta

pratapta - scorched, heated, tormented, burnt

Past Passive Participle

From root tap (to heat, suffer) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'jagatīpatiḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow (by sorrow, by pain, by suffering)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

Note: Indicates the cause of 'prataptaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (King Dasharatha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to 'jagatīpatiḥ'.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw (he saw, he beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect form of root dṛś, which changes to paś in present system.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

जगतीपतिः (jagatīpatiḥ) - the lord of the earth (King Dasharatha) (lord of the earth, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jagatīpati

jagatīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound of 'jagatī' (earth) and 'pati' (lord). Genitive Tatpuruṣa.

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (jagatī+pati)

• jagatī – earth, world
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to King Dasharatha.