वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-10, verse-28

नव पञ्च च वर्षाणि दण्डकारण्यमाश्रितः ।
चीराजिनजटाधारी रामो भवतु तापसः ॥२८॥

28. nava pañca ca varṣāṇi daṇḍakāraṇyamāśritaḥ ,
cīrājinajaṭādhārī rāmo bhavatu tāpasaḥ.

28. nava pañca ca varṣāṇi daṇḍakāraṇyam āśritaḥ
cīrājinajaṭādhārī rāmaḥ bhavatu tāpasaḥ

28. rāmaḥ nava pañca ca varṣāṇi daṇḍakāraṇyam āśritaḥ cīrājinajaṭādhārī tāpasaḥ bhavatu.

28. For fourteen years (nine and five years), Rāma should become an ascetic (tāpasa), residing in the Daṇḍaka forest, wearing bark garments, deerskin, and matted hair.

Words meanings summery:

• नव (nava) - nine

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rainy seasons)

• दण्डकारण्यम् (daṇḍakāraṇyam) - Daṇḍaka forest

• आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - residing in, having resorted to (having taken refuge in, resorted to, residing in)

• चीराजिनजटाधारी (cīrājinajaṭādhārī) - wearing bark garments, deerskin, and matted hair

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (a proper noun))

• भवतु (bhavatu) - should become, let him be (let him be, he should be, may he be)

• तापसः (tāpasaḥ) - an ascetic (tāpasa) (ascetic, hermit)

Words meanings and morphology

नव (nava) - nine

(numeral)

Note: Adjective for 'varṣāṇi'.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Adjective for 'varṣāṇi'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'nava' and 'pañca'.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rainy seasons)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rainy season, rain

From root 'vṛṣ' (to rain).

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration.

दण्डकारण्यम् (daṇḍakāraṇyam) - Daṇḍaka forest

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daṇḍakāraṇya

daṇḍakāraṇya - Daṇḍaka forest (a specific forest mentioned in Rāmāyaṇa)

Compound of 'daṇḍaka' (name of a king/region) and 'araṇya' (forest).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍaka+araṇya)

• daṇḍaka – Daṇḍaka (name of a region/forest)
  proper noun (neuter)
• araṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'āśritaḥ'.

आश्रितः (āśritaḥ) - residing in, having resorted to (having taken refuge in, resorted to, residing in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, dependent on, dwelling in

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix 'ā' + root 'śri' (to resort to) + kta (past passive participle suffix).

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Used actively here, 'one who has resorted to'.

चीराजिनजटाधारी (cīrājinajaṭādhārī) - wearing bark garments, deerskin, and matted hair

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cīrājinajaṭādhārin

cīrājinajaṭādhārin - one who wears bark garments, deerskin, and matted hair

Compound formed from 'cīra' (bark garment), 'ajina' (deerskin), 'jaṭā' (matted hair), and 'dhārin' (wearing/holding).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (cīra+ajina+jaṭā+dhārin)

• cīra – bark garment, strip of cloth
  noun (neuter)
• ajina – deerskin, antelope skin
  noun (neuter)
• jaṭā – matted hair, tangled locks
  noun (feminine)
• dhārin – wearing, holding, bearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'dhṛ' + ṇini.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (a proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the hero of Rāmāyaṇa); pleasing, black, dark

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bhavatu'.

भवतु (bhavatu) - should become, let him be (let him be, he should be, may he be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of bhū

Imperative Mood, Active Voice

Root 'bhū', third person singular, imperative.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तापसः (tāpasaḥ) - an ascetic (tāpasa) (ascetic, hermit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāpasa

tāpasa - an ascetic, a hermit, one who performs austerities (tapas)

Derived from 'tapas' (austerity) + aṇ (relating to).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'rāmaḥ'.