वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-10, verse-30

ततः श्रुत्वा महाराजः कैकेय्या दारुणं वचः ।
व्यथितो विक्लवश्चैव व्याघ्रीं दृष्ट्वा यथा मृगः ॥३०॥

30. tataḥ śrutvā mahārājaḥ kaikeyyā dāruṇaṃ vacaḥ ,
vyathito viklavaścaiva vyāghrīṃ dṛṣṭvā yathā mṛgaḥ.

30. tataḥ śrutvā mahārājaḥ kaikeyā dāruṇam vacaḥ
vyathitaḥ viklavaḥ ca eva vyāghrīm dṛṣṭvā yathā mṛgaḥ

30. tataḥ mahārājaḥ kaikeyā dāruṇam vacaḥ śrutvā vyathitaḥ viklavaḥ ca eva (abhavat),
yathā mṛgaḥ vyāghrīm dṛṣṭvā (vyathitaḥ viklavaḥ abhavat).

30. Then, having heard the terrible words of Kaikeyī, the great king (Daśaratha) became distressed and agitated, just like a deer upon seeing a tigress.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, thence)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

• महाराजः (mahārājaḥ) - the great king (Daśaratha) (great king, emperor)

• कैकेया (kaikeyā) - of Kaikeyī (by Kaikeyī, of Kaikeyī)

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, harsh (terrible, harsh, cruel, frightful)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, troubled, agitated)

• विक्लवः (viklavaḥ) - agitated (agitated, bewildered, confused, faint-hearted)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - just (indeed, only, certainly, just)

• व्याघ्रीम् (vyāghrīm) - a tigress (tigress)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like (just as, like, how)

• मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - a deer (deer, animal, wild animal)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, thence)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed from root 'śru' (to hear) + ktvā (absolutive suffix).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Refers to the action performed by 'mahārājaḥ' before the main verb.

महाराजः (mahārājaḥ) - the great king (Daśaratha) (great king, emperor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of 'mahā' (great) + 'rājan' (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  From 'mahat' (great)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Referring to Daśaratha.

कैकेया (kaikeyā) - of Kaikeyī (by Kaikeyī, of Kaikeyī)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyī (name of a queen, wife of Daśaratha and mother of Bharata)

From 'kekaya' (name of a country) + 'ī' (feminine suffix for queen from that country).

Note: It is the genitive case form 'of Kaikeyī', agreeing with 'vacaḥ'. It could also be instrumental.

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, harsh (terrible, harsh, cruel, frightful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, harsh, cruel, frightful, hard

From 'dāru' (wood) with suffix 'ṇa', implying hard/severe.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, declaration

From root 'vac' (to speak) + asun.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, troubled, agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, agitated, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vyath' (to tremble, be distressed) + kta (past passive participle suffix).

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Used as a state of being for the subject.

विक्लवः (viklavaḥ) - agitated (agitated, bewildered, confused, faint-hearted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viklava

viklava - agitated, bewildered, confused, faint-hearted, distressed

From 'vi' (intensifier/negation) + 'klav' (to be distressed) + 'a'.

Prefix: vi

Root: klav (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'vyathitaḥ' and 'viklavaḥ'.

एव (eva) - just (indeed, only, certainly, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes the comparison.

व्याघ्रीम् (vyāghrīm) - a tigress (tigress)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyāghrī

vyāghrī - tigress

Feminine form of 'vyāghra' (tiger).

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + ktvā (absolutive suffix).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as, like (just as, like, how)

(indeclinable)

Comparative adverb.

Note: Introduces a comparison.

मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - a deer (deer, animal, wild animal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, animal, wild animal, gazelle

From root 'mṛj' (to cleanse) or 'mṛg' (to hunt).

Root: mṛj / mṛg (class 1)

Note: Subject of the comparison.