मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-77, verse-28
ततः शशाप तं कोपाच्छायासंज्ञा यमं द्विज ।
किञ्चित् प्रस्फुरमाणौष्ठी विचलत्पाणिपल्लवा ॥२८॥
किञ्चित् प्रस्फुरमाणौष्ठी विचलत्पाणिपल्लवा ॥२८॥
28. tataḥ śaśāpa taṃ kopācchāyāsaṃjñā yamaṃ dvija .
kiñcit prasphuramāṇauṣṭhī vicalatpāṇipallavā.
kiñcit prasphuramāṇauṣṭhī vicalatpāṇipallavā.
28.
tataḥ śaśāpa tam kopāt chāyāsaṃjñā yamam dvija
kiñcit prasphuramāṇauṣṭhī vicalatpāṇipallavā
kiñcit prasphuramāṇauṣṭhī vicalatpāṇipallavā
28.
Then, O twice-born (dvija), Chhaya-Saṃjñā, with slightly trembling lips and quivering sprout-like hands, cursed Yama out of anger.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)
- शशाप (śaśāpa) - cursed
- तम् (tam) - him (Yama) (him, that)
- कोपात् (kopāt) - out of anger (from anger, out of anger)
- छायासंज्ञा (chāyāsaṁjñā) - Chhaya-Saṃjñā (Yama's stepmother) (Chhaya-Saṃjñā (name of a woman, literally 'Shadow-Name'))
- यमम् (yamam) - Yama (the son of Manu) (Yama)
- द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born (addressing the listener/narrator) (O twice-born, O brahmin)
- किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - slightly (a little, somewhat, anything)
- प्रस्फुरमाणौष्ठी (prasphuramāṇauṣṭhī) - with slightly trembling lips (describing Chhaya-Saṃjñā) (having trembling lips)
- विचलत्पाणिपल्लवा (vicalatpāṇipallavā) - and quivering sprout-like hands (describing Chhaya-Saṃjñā) (having trembling sprout-like hands)
Words meanings and morphology
ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)
(indeclinable)
Adverb.
शशाप (śaśāpa) - cursed
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of śap
Perfect Tense (Liṭ)
3rd person singular, perfect tense of root śap (class 1).
Root: śap (class 1)
Note: Main verb of the sentence.
तम् (tam) - him (Yama) (him, that)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, this, he, she, it
Masculine accusative singular of tad.
Note: Direct object of śaśāpa, refers to Yama.
कोपात् (kopāt) - out of anger (from anger, out of anger)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of kopa
kopa - anger, wrath, fury
From root kup (to be angry) + ghañ (nominalizing suffix).
Root: kup (class 4)
छायासंज्ञा (chāyāsaṁjñā) - Chhaya-Saṃjñā (Yama's stepmother) (Chhaya-Saṃjñā (name of a woman, literally 'Shadow-Name'))
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of chāyāsaṃjñā
chāyāsaṁjñā - the one named Chhaya; Chhaya, the shadow-form of Saṃjñā
Compound of chāyā (shadow) and saṃjñā (name, consciousness). In mythology, Chhaya is the shadow-replica of Saṃjñā.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chāyā+saṃjñā)
- chāyā – shadow, shade, reflection, image
noun (feminine) - saṃjñā – name, designation, consciousness, agreement
noun (feminine)
From sam (prefix) + root jñā (to know) + a (suffix).
Prefix: sam
Root: jñā (class 9)
यमम् (yamam) - Yama (the son of Manu) (Yama)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yama
yama - restraint, self-control, twin, god of death
From root yam (to restrain).
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Direct object of śaśāpa.
द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born (addressing the listener/narrator) (O twice-born, O brahmin)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, also birds, teeth, etc.)
Bahuvrīhi compound of dvi (twice) + ja (born).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jan)
- dvi – two, twice
numeral - jan – to be born, produced
verb
Root form, nominal stem ja used in compound.
Root: jan (class 4)
किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - slightly (a little, somewhat, anything)
(indeclinable)
Indeclinable particle.
प्रस्फुरमाणौष्ठी (prasphuramāṇauṣṭhī) - with slightly trembling lips (describing Chhaya-Saṃjñā) (having trembling lips)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of prasphuramāṇauṣṭhi
prasphuramāṇauṣṭhi - having trembling lips
Bahuvrīhi compound: prasphuramāṇa (present participle, trembling) + oṣṭha (lip). The ī suffix makes it feminine.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prasphuramāṇa+oṣṭha)
- prasphuramāṇa – trembling, throbbing, quivering
participle (masculine)
Present Middle Participle
From pra (prefix) + root sphur (to throb, quiver, class 6) + māna (present participle suffix, ātmanepada).
Prefix: pra
Root: sphur (class 6) - oṣṭha – lip
noun (masculine)
Note: Describes Chhaya-Saṃjñā.
विचलत्पाणिपल्लवा (vicalatpāṇipallavā) - and quivering sprout-like hands (describing Chhaya-Saṃjñā) (having trembling sprout-like hands)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vicalatpāṇipallava
vicalatpāṇipallava - having trembling sprout-like hands
Bahuvrīhi compound: vicalat (present participle, trembling) + pāṇipallava (hands as sprouts). The ā suffix makes it feminine.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vicalat+pāṇipallava)
- vicalat – trembling, moving, shaking
participle (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From vi (prefix) + root cal (to move, class 1) + śatṛ (present active participle suffix).
Prefix: vi
Root: cal (class 1) - pāṇipallava – sprout-like hand, tender hand
noun (masculine)
Karmadhāraya compound of pāṇi (hand) and pallava (sprout, tender leaf), used metaphorically.
Note: Describes Chhaya-Saṃjñā.