मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-44, verse-5
सुबाहुरुवाच ।
काशिराज निबोध त्वं यदर्थमयमुद्यमः ।
कृतो मया भवांश्चैव कारितोऽत्यन्तमुद्यमम् ॥५॥
काशिराज निबोध त्वं यदर्थमयमुद्यमः ।
कृतो मया भवांश्चैव कारितोऽत्यन्तमुद्यमम् ॥५॥
5. subāhuruvāca .
kāśirāja nibodha tvaṃ yadarthamayamudyamaḥ .
kṛto mayā bhavāṃścaiva kārito'tyantamudyamam.
kāśirāja nibodha tvaṃ yadarthamayamudyamaḥ .
kṛto mayā bhavāṃścaiva kārito'tyantamudyamam.
5.
subāhuḥ uvāca kāśirāja nibodha tvam yadartham ayam
udyamaḥ kṛtaḥ mayā bhavān ca eva kāritaḥ atyantam udyamam
udyamaḥ kṛtaḥ mayā bhavān ca eva kāritaḥ atyantam udyamam
5.
Subahu said: 'O King of Kashi, understand the reason for this endeavor undertaken by me, and why you, too, have been made to exert such great effort.'
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सुबाहुः (subāhuḥ) - The proper name Subahu (Subahu (a proper name, lit. 'one with good arms'))
- उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)
- काशिराज (kāśirāja) - O King of Kashi! (addressing the listener) (O King of Kashi!)
- निबोध (nibodha) - understand! (understand!, know!, perceive!)
- त्वम् (tvam) - you (the King of Kashi) (you)
- यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for what purpose, the reason for which (for which purpose, why)
- अयम् (ayam) - this (this, this one)
- उद्यमः (udyamaḥ) - endeavor, effort (effort, exertion, undertaking)
- कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, undertaken (done, made, performed)
- मया (mayā) - by me (the speaker, Subahu) (by me)
- भवान् (bhavān) - you (the King of Kashi, respectfully) (you (respectful), sir)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - too, also (indeed, just, only, also)
- कारितः (kāritaḥ) - caused to make, made to exert (caused to be done, caused to make, impelled)
- अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - greatly, such great (extremely, greatly, excessively)
- उद्यमम् (udyamam) - effort (effort, exertion, undertaking)
Words meanings and morphology
सुबाहुः (subāhuḥ) - The proper name Subahu (Subahu (a proper name, lit. 'one with good arms'))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of subāhu
subāhu - Subahu (proper name); having beautiful arms
Compound: su (good) + bāhu (arm).
Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (su+bāhu)
- su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable - bāhu – arm
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of uvāca.
उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac
Perfect, Active voice, 3rd person singular
Irregular perfect form from root vac.
Root: vac (class 2)
काशिराज (kāśirāja) - O King of Kashi! (addressing the listener) (O King of Kashi!)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of kāśirāja
kāśirāja - King of Kashi
Compound: kāśi (Kashi) + rājan (king).
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kāśi+rājan)
- kāśi – Kashi (name of a city/kingdom)
proper noun (feminine) - rājan – king
noun (masculine)
निबोध (nibodha) - understand! (understand!, know!, perceive!)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh
Imperative, Active voice, 2nd person singular
From prefix ni + root budh (buddha - avagamane).
Prefix: ni
Root: budh (class 1)
त्वम् (tvam) - you (the King of Kashi) (you)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you
Second person singular pronoun.
यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for what purpose, the reason for which (for which purpose, why)
(indeclinable)
Compound.
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (yad+artha)
- yad – which, what
pronoun - artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, thing
noun (masculine)
Note: Functions as an adverb here.
अयम् (ayam) - this (this, this one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, he, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
उद्यमः (udyamaḥ) - endeavor, effort (effort, exertion, undertaking)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of udyama
udyama - effort, exertion, enterprise, undertaking
From ud (up) + root yam (to restrain, to strive) + ghañ suffix.
Prefix: ud
Root: yam (class 1)
कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, undertaken (done, made, performed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed
Past Passive Participle
From root kṛ (ḍukṛñ - karaṇe) + kta suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Predicative adjective.
मया (mayā) - by me (the speaker, Subahu) (by me)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, singular of aham
aham - I
First person singular pronoun.
भवान् (bhavān) - you (the King of Kashi, respectfully) (you (respectful), sir)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat
bhavat - your honor, sir, you (respectful)
From root bhū (to be) + śatṛ (present active participle), used as a respectful pronoun.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Agent of passive action kāritaḥ.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
एव (eva) - too, also (indeed, just, only, also)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
कारितः (kāritaḥ) - caused to make, made to exert (caused to be done, caused to make, impelled)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kārita
kārita - caused to be done, made, employed
Causative Past Passive Participle
Formed from causal stem of kṛ (kāray) + kta suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Predicative adjective.
अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - greatly, such great (extremely, greatly, excessively)
(indeclinable)
Compound (ati + anta). Adverbial use.
Note: Used adverbially.
उद्यमम् (udyamam) - effort (effort, exertion, undertaking)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of udyama
udyama - effort, exertion, enterprise, undertaking
From ud (up) + root yam (to restrain, to strive) + ghañ suffix.
Prefix: ud
Root: yam (class 1)