मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-44, verse-20

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सुबाहुरुवाच ।
धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाख्यं पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयम् ।
तत्र धर्मार्थकामास्ते सकला हीयतेऽपरः ॥२०॥

20. subāhuruvāca .
dharmārthakāmamokṣākhyaṃ puruṣārthacatuṣṭayam .
tatra dharmārthakāmāste sakalā hīyate'paraḥ.

20. subāhuḥ uvāca dharmārthakāmamokṣākhyam puruṣārthacatuṣṭayam
tatra dharmārthakāmāḥ te sakalāḥ hīyate aparaḥ

20. Subāhu said: The four human aims (puruṣārtha) are known as natural law (dharma), prosperity (artha), pleasure (kāma), and liberation (mokṣa). Among these, natural law (dharma), prosperity (artha), and pleasure (kāma) are considered complete, [but if one focuses solely on them,] the other [aim, liberation (mokṣa)] is lost.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

सुबाहुः (subāhuḥ) - The speaker, Subāhu (Subāhu)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाख्यम् (dharmārthakāmamokṣākhyam) - called dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa; named after the four aims

पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयम् (puruṣārthacatuṣṭayam) - the group of four human aims

तत्र (tatra) - among those [four human aims] (there, among them, in that case)

धर्मार्थकामाः (dharmārthakāmāḥ) - the group of dharma, artha, and kāma (natural law, prosperity, and pleasure)

ते (te) - those [three aims mentioned] (they, those)

सकलाः (sakalāḥ) - [are considered] complete (complete, whole, entire)

हीयते (hīyate) - [the other aim, mokṣa] is lost (is abandoned, diminishes, is lost, fails)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - the other [human aim, i.e., mokṣa] (the other, another)

Words meanings and morphology

सुबाहुः (subāhuḥ) - The speaker, Subāhu (Subāhu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of subāhu

subāhu - Subāhu (a proper name); meaning 'good-armed'

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative

3rd person singular perfect active of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाख्यम् (dharmārthakāmamokṣākhyam) - called dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa; named after the four aims

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmārthakāmamokṣākhya

dharmārthakāmamokṣākhya - called dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa; named after the four human aims

Compound ending in 'ākhya' (derived from 'ā-khyā' 'to name')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+kāma+mokṣa+ākhya)

dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
artha – purpose, wealth, prosperity, meaning
noun (masculine)
Root: arth (class 1)
kāma – desire, pleasure, love
noun (masculine)
Root: kam (class 1)
mokṣa – liberation, release, freedom
noun (masculine)
Root: muc (class 6)
ākhya – called, named, designated
adjective (neuter)
Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (secondary suffix)
Derived from root 'khyā' with prefix 'ā-' and suffix '-ya'.
Prefix: ā
Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with 'puruṣārthacatuṣṭayam'.

पुरुषार्थचतुष्टयम् (puruṣārthacatuṣṭayam) - the group of four human aims

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puruṣārthacatuṣṭaya

puruṣārthacatuṣṭaya - the group of four human aims/goals

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣārtha+catuṣṭaya)

puruṣārtha – human aim/goal, purpose of human life
noun (masculine)
Compound of 'puruṣa' and 'artha'.
catuṣṭaya – group of four, quartet
noun (neuter)
Derived from 'catur' (four) with suffix '-ṣṭaya'.

तत्र (tatra) - among those [four human aims] (there, among them, in that case)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'tra' from 'ta' (that)

धर्मार्थकामाः (dharmārthakāmāḥ) - the group of dharma, artha, and kāma (natural law, prosperity, and pleasure)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmārthakāma

dharmārthakāma - dharma, artha, and kāma

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+artha+kāma)

dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
artha – purpose, wealth, prosperity, meaning
noun (masculine)
Root: arth (class 1)
kāma – desire, pleasure, love
noun (masculine)
Root: kam (class 1)

Note: The compound acts as a single plural noun.

ते (te) - those [three aims mentioned] (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'dharmārthakāmāḥ'.

सकलाः (sakalāḥ) - [are considered] complete (complete, whole, entire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sakala

sakala - complete, whole, entire, with parts

Compound 'sa' (with) + 'kala' (part)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+kala)