मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-44, verse-23

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कस्याहमिति संज्ञेयमित्यालोच्य त्वयात्मना ।
बाह्यन्तर्गतमालोच्यमालोच्यापररात्रिषु ॥२३॥

23. kasyāhamiti saṃjñeyamityālocya tvayātmanā .
bāhyantargatamālocyamālocyāpararātriṣu.

23. kasya aham iti saṃjñeyam iti ālocya tvayā ātmanā
bāhya antargatam ālocyam ālocya apararātriṣu

23. By your true self (ātman), you should contemplate and understand, 'To whom do I belong?' And during the last watches of the night, having thoroughly considered the external and internal matters that are to be reflected upon, [you should proceed].

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

कस्य (kasya) - to whom do I belong? (whose, of whom, to whom)

अहम् (aham) - I

इति (iti) - marking the preceding phrase 'kasya aham' as a question/notion (thus, so, indicating a quote or thought)

संज्ञेयम् (saṁjñeyam) - should be known, should be understood, to be recognized

इति (iti) - marking the preceding entire clause as something considered (thus, so)

आलोच्य (ālocya) - having considered, having reflected

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by your true self (ātman) (by the self, by oneself, by the soul)

बाह्य (bāhya) - external, outer

अन्तर्गतम् (antargatam) - internal, inner, entered within

आलोच्यम् (ālocyam) - that which is to be considered (to be considered, to be reflected upon)

आलोच्य (ālocya) - having considered, having reflected

अपररात्रिषु (apararātriṣu) - in the latter parts of the night, at dawn

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - to whom do I belong? (whose, of whom, to whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

इति (iti) - marking the preceding phrase 'kasya aham' as a question/notion (thus, so, indicating a quote or thought)

(indeclinable)

Root: i (class 2)

संज्ञेयम् (saṁjñeyam) - should be known, should be understood, to be recognized

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃjñeya

saṁjñeya - to be known, to be understood, to be recognized

gerundive (future passive participle)

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'sam-' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to the notion of 'Whose am I?'

इति (iti) - marking the preceding entire clause as something considered (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

Root: i (class 2)

आलोच्य (ālocya) - having considered, having reflected

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'loc' with prefix 'ā-' and suffix '-ya' (for prefixed verbs).

Prefix: ā

Root: loc (class 10)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Agent of 'saṃjñeyam' and 'ālocya'.

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by your true self (ātman) (by the self, by oneself, by the soul)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

From root 'an' (to breathe) or 'at' (to move).

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Used here reflexively, emphasizing the agent's own internal deliberation.

बाह्य (bāhya) - external, outer

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bāhya

bāhya - external, outer, foreign

From 'bahis' (outside) + suffix '-ya'.

अन्तर्गतम् (antargatam) - internal, inner, entered within

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antargata

antargata - internal, inward, gone within, included

past passive participle

Compound 'antar' (within) + 'gata' (gone, from root 'gam').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antar+gata)

antar – within, inside
indeclinable
gata – gone, arrived at, obtained
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with suffix '-ta'.
Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as a collective object for reflection.

आलोच्यम् (ālocyam) - that which is to be considered (to be considered, to be reflected upon)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ālocya

ālocya - to be seen, to be observed, to be considered

gerundive (future passive participle)

Derived from root 'loc' with prefix 'ā-' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ā

Root: loc (class 10)

आलोच्य (ālocya) - having considered, having reflected

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)