मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-44, verse-33
अहो कष्टं यदस्माभैः पूर्वं राज्यमनुष्ठितम् ।
इति पश्चान्मया ज्ञातं योगान्नास्ति परं सुखम् ॥३३॥
इति पश्चान्मया ज्ञातं योगान्नास्ति परं सुखम् ॥३३॥
33. aho kaṣṭaṃ yadasmābhaiḥ pūrvaṃ rājyamanuṣṭhitam .
iti paścānmayā jñātaṃ yogānnāsti paraṃ sukham.
iti paścānmayā jñātaṃ yogānnāsti paraṃ sukham.
33.
aho kaṣṭam yat asmābhiḥ pūrvam rājyam anuṣṭhitam
iti paścāt mayā jñātam yogāt na asti param sukham
iti paścāt mayā jñātam yogāt na asti param sukham
33.
Oh, what a misfortune it was that we previously administered a kingdom! I later realized: "There is no greater happiness than (yoga)."
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अहो (aho) - Oh!, Alas!, Ah!
- कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, misfortune, difficulty, suffering
- यत् (yat) - that, which, because
- अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us
- पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before
- राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, dominion, sovereignty
- अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - administered, performed, carried out, practiced
- इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so, (quotes)
- पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, later, behind
- मया (mayā) - by me
- ज्ञातम् (jñātam) - known, realized, understood
- योगात् (yogāt) - than (yoga) (from yoga, through yoga)
- न (na) - not, no
- अस्ति (asti) - is, exists
- परम् (param) - higher, supreme, ultimate, greater
- सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, ease, comfort
Words meanings and morphology
अहो (aho) - Oh!, Alas!, Ah!
(indeclinable)
कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, misfortune, difficulty, suffering
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa
kaṣṭa - difficulty, misery, pain, misfortune
Past Passive Participle
From root `kaṣ` with `ta` suffix. Often used as a noun.
Root: kaṣ (class 1)
Note: In an exclamatory phrase.
यत् (yat) - that, which, because
(indeclinable)
Relative pronoun in neuter nominative/accusative singular, often used as a conjunction.
Note: Introducing a clause explaining the reason for the misfortune.
अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us
(pronoun)
Instrumental, plural of aham
aham - I, we
First person pronoun
Note: Agent in a passive construction (`anuṣṭhitam`).
पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before
(indeclinable)
Often used adverbially in the neuter accusative singular.
Note: Adverb of time.
राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, dominion, sovereignty
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya
rājya - kingdom, realm, government, sovereignty
From `rājan` (king) with `ya` suffix.
Note: Subject of the passive verb `anuṣṭhitam`.
अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - administered, performed, carried out, practiced
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anuṣṭhita
anuṣṭhita - performed, done, executed, practiced, administered
Past Passive Participle
From `anu` + `sthā` (to stand, perform). `ṣ` from retroflexion.
Prefix: anu
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Used predicatively with an implied auxiliary verb.
इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so, (quotes)
(indeclinable)
Note: Marks the end of the previous clause as a thought or statement.
पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, later, behind
(indeclinable)
Adverbial suffix `tāt` from `paśca`.
मया (mayā) - by me
(pronoun)
Instrumental, singular of aham
aham - I
First person pronoun
Note: Agent in the passive construction (`jñātam`).
ज्ञातम् (jñātam) - known, realized, understood
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāta
jñāta - known, understood, ascertained
Past Passive Participle
From root `jñā` (to know)
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Refers to the realization 'by me'.
योगात् (yogāt) - than (yoga) (from yoga, through yoga)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of yoga
yoga - union, conjunction, method, discipline, spiritual practice
From root `yuj` (to join, connect)
Root: yuj (class 7)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Negative particle.
अस्ति (asti) - is, exists
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as
Present tense, Active Voice
Root `as` (class 2)
Root: as (class 2)
परम् (param) - higher, supreme, ultimate, greater
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of para
para - other, subsequent, supreme, higher, excellent
Note: Qualifies `sukham`.
सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, ease, comfort
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha
sukha - happiness, pleasure, joy, ease
From `su` (good) + `kha` (axle hole, sky). Literally "good axle hole" for a chariot moving smoothly.