मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-37, verse-25
वाचयित्वा तु बहुशो नृणां श्रेयः कथं त्विति ।
मुमुक्षयेति निश्चित्य सा च तत्सङ्गतो यतः ॥२५॥
मुमुक्षयेति निश्चित्य सा च तत्सङ्गतो यतः ॥२५॥
25. vācayitvā tu bahuśo nṛṇāṃ śreyaḥ kathaṃ tviti .
mumukṣayeti niścitya sā ca tatsaṅgato yataḥ.
mumukṣayeti niścitya sā ca tatsaṅgato yataḥ.
25.
vācayitvā tu bahuśaḥ nṛṇām śreyaḥ katham tu iti
mumukṣayā iti niścitya sā ca tat-saṅgataḥ yataḥ
mumukṣayā iti niścitya sā ca tat-saṅgataḥ yataḥ
25.
Having repeatedly pondered, 'How indeed can there be ultimate welfare (śreyaḥ) for human beings?', and having decisively determined that it is through the desire for liberation (mokṣa); and because that (desire for liberation) arose, and he (the king) became associated with it, therefore (he proceeded).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वाचयित्वा (vācayitvā) - having repeatedly pondered/considered (the texts/question) (having caused to read, having made to recite, having caused to declare, having pondered)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, however)
- बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly (many times, repeatedly, often)
- नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of human beings (of men, of human beings)
- श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - ultimate welfare/good (welfare, ultimate good, supreme benefit, spiritual advantage)
- कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, however)
- इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the pondered question) (thus, so, in this way (marks conclusion of direct or indirect speech))
- मुमुक्षया (mumukṣayā) - through the desire for liberation (mokṣa) (by the desire for liberation, with the intention of achieving mokṣa)
- इति (iti) - thus (marking the conclusion of the determination) (thus, so (marks conclusion of direct or indirect speech))
- निश्चित्य (niścitya) - having decisively determined (having determined, having ascertained, having decided)
- सा (sā) - that (referring to the desire for liberation, mumukṣā) (she, that (feminine))
- च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
- तत्-सङ्गतः (tat-saṅgataḥ) - associated with that (desire for liberation) (associated with that, connected with that, attached to that)
- यतः (yataḥ) - because, from which (reason) (from which, because, since, whereby)
Words meanings and morphology
वाचयित्वा (vācayitvā) - having repeatedly pondered/considered (the texts/question) (having caused to read, having made to recite, having caused to declare, having pondered)
(indeclinable)
Causative Absolutive
Causative stem vācay- + Absolutive suffix -itvā
Root: vac (class 2)
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, however)
(indeclinable)
बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly (many times, repeatedly, often)
(indeclinable)
Formed from bahu (many) with suffix śaḥ (expressing manner or repetition).
नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of human beings (of men, of human beings)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ
nṛ - man, human being, person
श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - ultimate welfare/good (welfare, ultimate good, supreme benefit, spiritual advantage)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas
śreyas - better, superior, more excellent, welfare, ultimate good, supreme benefit
Comparative of śrī or related to śrā (to cook, ripen, mature)
Note: Also accusative singular, but nominative makes more sense here ("How is the welfare?").
कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)
(indeclinable)
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, however)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used for emphasis or slight contrast.
इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the pondered question) (thus, so, in this way (marks conclusion of direct or indirect speech))
(indeclinable)
मुमुक्षया (mumukṣayā) - through the desire for liberation (mokṣa) (by the desire for liberation, with the intention of achieving mokṣa)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of mumukṣā
mumukṣā - desire for liberation (mokṣa)
Desiderative Noun
Derived from desiderative stem of muc (to free, release)
Root: muc (class 6)
इति (iti) - thus (marking the conclusion of the determination) (thus, so (marks conclusion of direct or indirect speech))
(indeclinable)
निश्चित्य (niścitya) - having decisively determined (having determined, having ascertained, having decided)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive/Gerund
ni- + √ci + lyaP
Prefix: ni
Root: ci (class 5)
सा (sā) - that (referring to the desire for liberation, mumukṣā) (she, that (feminine))
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, he, it
Note: Refers to mumukṣā (desire for liberation).
च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
तत्-सङ्गतः (tat-saṅgataḥ) - associated with that (desire for liberation) (associated with that, connected with that, attached to that)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tat-saṅgata
tat-saṅgata - associated with that, connected with that
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tad+saṅgata)
- tad – that, it
pronoun (neuter) - saṅgata – joined, connected, associated, met with
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
sam- + √gam + kta
Prefix: sam
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Refers to the king, implied subject.
यतः (yataḥ) - because, from which (reason) (from which, because, since, whereby)
(indeclinable)
Derived from ya (which) with adverbial suffix -tas.
Note: Introduces a reason.