मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-37, verse-1

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जड उवाच ।
सोऽप्यलर्को यथान्यायं पुत्रवन्मुदिताः प्रजाः ।
पालयामास धर्मात्मा स्वे स्वे कर्मण्यवस्थिताः ॥१॥

1. jaḍa uvāca .
so'pyalarko yathānyāyaṃ putravanmuditāḥ prajāḥ .
pālayāmāsa dharmātmā sve sve karmaṇyavasthitāḥ.

1. jaḍaḥ uvāca saḥ api alarkaḥ yathānyāyam putravat muditāḥ
prajāḥ pālayāmāsa dharmātmā sve sve karmaṇi avasthitāḥ

1. Jaḍa said: That King Alarka, with his own intrinsic nature (dharma) as his guide, also ruled the people justly, protecting them as if they were his own children, while they remained happily established in their respective duties (karma).

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

जडः (jaḍaḥ) - Jaḍa, the speaker (Jaḍa (a name))

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Alarka) (he, that)

अपि (api) - also (also, even)

अलर्कः (alarkaḥ) - King Alarka (Alarka (a king's name))

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - in accordance with what is right (according to justice, properly, justly)

पुत्रवत् (putravat) - as if they were his own children (like a son, as a son)

मुदिताः (muditāḥ) - happy (delighted, joyful, happy)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the subjects, people (people, subjects, progeny)

पालयामास (pālayāmāsa) - ruled and protected (protected, ruled)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness (righteous, virtuous, one whose nature is righteousness)

स्वे (sve) - in their respective (in one's own, in their own)

स्वे (sve) - in their respective (in one's own, in their own)

कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in their duties (karma) (in action, in duty, in work)

अवस्थिताः (avasthitāḥ) - established (established, situated, abiding)

Words meanings and morphology

जडः (jaḍaḥ) - Jaḍa, the speaker (Jaḍa (a name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaḍa

jaḍa - Jaḍa (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Alarka) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपि (api) - also (also, even)

(indeclinable)

अलर्कः (alarkaḥ) - King Alarka (Alarka (a king's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alarka

alarka - name of a king

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - in accordance with what is right (according to justice, properly, justly)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound formed with yathā (as) and nyāya (justice, rule)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

yathā – as, just as, according to
indeclinable
nyāya – justice, rule, right, method
noun (masculine)
Prefixes: ni+ā
Root: i (class 2)

Note: The final -am often appears in avyayībhāva compounds.

पुत्रवत् (putravat) - as if they were his own children (like a son, as a son)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -vat added to putra (son) to denote similarity or possession

Note: It qualifies `prajāḥ`.

मुदिताः (muditāḥ) - happy (delighted, joyful, happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mudita

mudita - delighted, joyful, happy, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root mud (to rejoice, be glad) with suffix -ita

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `prajāḥ`.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the subjects, people (people, subjects, progeny)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, progeny, offspring

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence, with `Alarka` as the actor and `muditāḥ` and `avasthitāḥ` describing them.

पालयामास (pālayāmāsa) - ruled and protected (protected, ruled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (lit) of pāl

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular active, from causative stem pālay

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: 'āmāsa' is the suffix for the perfect tense of the 10th class or causative verbs.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness (righteous, virtuous, one whose nature is righteousness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, one whose nature is dharma

Bahuvrīhi compound: dharma (righteousness) + ātman (self/nature)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

dharma – righteousness, law, duty, intrinsic nature, constitution
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
noun (masculine)
Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `Alarkaḥ`.

स्वे (sve) - in their respective (in one's own, in their own)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, own

Note: Agrees with `karmaṇi`.

स्वे (sve) - in their respective (in one's own, in their own)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, own

Note: Repetition for emphasis, 'in each one's own'. Agrees with `karmaṇi`.

कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in their duties (karma) (in action, in duty, in work)