मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-134, verse-29
भिन्नमर्यादिने चैव तथा वै ज्ञातिकोपिने ।
एतेषां नैव दातव्यं प्राणैः कण्ठगतैरपि ॥२९॥
एतेषां नैव दातव्यं प्राणैः कण्ठगतैरपि ॥२९॥
29. bhinnamaryādine caiva tathā vai jñātikopine .
eteṣāṃ naiva dātavyaṃ prāṇaiḥ kaṇṭhagatairapi.
eteṣāṃ naiva dātavyaṃ prāṇaiḥ kaṇṭhagatairapi.
29.
bhinnamaryādine ca eva tathā vai jñātikopine
eteṣām na eva dātavyaṃ prāṇaiḥ kaṇṭhagataiḥ api
eteṣām na eva dātavyaṃ prāṇaiḥ kaṇṭhagataiḥ api
29.
And indeed, likewise, to one who has transgressed moral boundaries, and to one who angers their relatives. This [knowledge] should certainly not be given to any of these, even if one's life (prāṇa) is at the point of expiring.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- भिन्नमर्यादिने (bhinnamaryādine) - to one who has transgressed moral boundaries (to one who has transgressed boundaries/rules/decorum)
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly
- तथा (tathā) - likewise, and (thus, so, and, likewise)
- वै (vai) - an emphatic particle, often untranslated in modern English (indeed, surely, verily)
- ज्ञातिकोपिने (jñātikopine) - to one who angers/oppresses their relatives
- एतेषाम् (eteṣām) - to these (groups of prohibited individuals) (to these, of these)
- न (na) - not, no
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly
- दातव्यं (dātavyaṁ) - should certainly not be given (to be given, proper to be given)
- प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - by life breaths, by vital airs, with one's life
- कण्ठगतैः (kaṇṭhagataiḥ) - at the point of expiring (referring to life breaths) (having reached the throat, being at the throat)
- अपि (api) - even (emphasizes the extreme condition) (also, even, too)
Words meanings and morphology
भिन्नमर्यादिने (bhinnamaryādine) - to one who has transgressed moral boundaries (to one who has transgressed boundaries/rules/decorum)
(adjective)
Dative, masculine, singular of bhinnamaryāda
bhinnamaryāda - one whose boundaries are broken, transgressor of limits/rules/decorum
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhinna+maryādā)
- bhinna – broken, separated, violated
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root bhid (to break, split).
Root: bhid (class 7) - maryādā – limit, boundary, rule, moral conduct, decorum
noun (feminine)
Note: Recipient of the prohibition.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
तथा (tathā) - likewise, and (thus, so, and, likewise)
(indeclinable)
वै (vai) - an emphatic particle, often untranslated in modern English (indeed, surely, verily)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
Note: Used for emphasis.
ज्ञातिकोपिने (jñātikopine) - to one who angers/oppresses their relatives
(noun)
Dative, masculine, singular of jñātikopin
jñātikopin - one who angers/oppresses/troubles relatives
Agent noun from jñāti (relative) and kopin (one who angers).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāti+kopin)
- jñāti – kinsman, relative, family member
noun (masculine)
Root: jñā (class 9) - kopin – one who is angry, one who angers others, oppressor
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun from root kup (to be angry, to excite anger) with suffix -in.
Root: kup (class 4)
Note: Recipient of the prohibition.
एतेषाम् (eteṣām) - to these (groups of prohibited individuals) (to these, of these)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Pronominal stem.
Note: Refers collectively to all the types of prohibited persons mentioned. Although genitive, functions like a dative of recipient here due to context with 'dātavyaṃ'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - only, indeed, certainly
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
दातव्यं (dātavyaṁ) - should certainly not be given (to be given, proper to be given)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dātavya
dātavya - to be given, proper to be given, what should be given
Gerundive (future passive participle)
Derived from root dā (to give) with suffix -tavya.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Predicative use.
प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - by life breaths, by vital airs, with one's life
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāṇa
prāṇa - breath, vital air (prāṇa), life, spirit, strength
From pra + an (to breathe).
Prefix: pra
Root: an (class 2)
Note: Denotes means, 'with one's vital breaths' or 'even at the cost of one's life'.
कण्ठगतैः (kaṇṭhagataiḥ) - at the point of expiring (referring to life breaths) (having reached the throat, being at the throat)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaṇṭhagata
kaṇṭhagata - gone to the throat, being in the throat, on the verge of death
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaṇṭha+gata)
- kaṇṭha – throat, neck
noun (masculine) - gata – gone, arrived, reached, obtained
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root gam (to go) with suffix -ta.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'prāṇaiḥ'.
अपि (api) - even (emphasizes the extreme condition) (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction/particle.
Note: Intensifying particle.