महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-11, verse-58

ध्वजं निपतितं दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवं च व्यवस्थितम् ।
संक्रुद्धो मद्रराजोऽभूच्छरवर्षं मुमोच ह ॥५८॥

58. dhvajaṁ nipatitaṁ dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavaṁ ca vyavasthitam ,
saṁkruddho madrarājo'bhūccharavarṣaṁ mumoca ha.

58. dhvajaṃ nipatitaṃ dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavaṃ ca vyavasthitam
saṃkruddhaḥ madrarājaḥ abhūt śaravarṣaṃ mumoca ha

58. madrarājaḥ dhvajaṃ nipatitaṃ ca pāṇḍavaṃ vyavasthitam
dṛṣṭvā saṃkruddhaḥ abhūt ha śaravarṣaṃ mumoca

58. Seeing his banner fallen and the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) standing firm, the king of Madras (Śalya) became greatly enraged and indeed released a shower of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ध्वजं (dhvajaṁ) - banner, flag

• निपतितं (nipatitaṁ) - fallen, descended

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, perceiving

• पाण्डवं (pāṇḍavaṁ) - Arjuna (the Pāṇḍava, descendant of Pāṇḍu)

• च (ca) - and

• व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - standing firm, positioned, situated

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, king of the Madras (king of Madras)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was, existed

• शरवर्षं (śaravarṣaṁ) - shower of arrows, volley of arrows

• मुमोच (mumoca) - he released, he discharged, he cast

• ह (ha) - indeed, verily, a particle of emphasis

Words meanings and morphology

ध्वजं (dhvajaṁ) - banner, flag

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

निपतितं (nipatitaṁ) - fallen, descended

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pat' with prefix 'ni-' and suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'dṛś' with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाण्डवं (pāṇḍavaṁ) - Arjuna (the Pāṇḍava, descendant of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - standing firm, positioned, situated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - standing firm, positioned, situated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' with prefixes 'vi-' and 'ava-' and suffix '-ta'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' with prefix 'sam-' and suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, king of the Madras (king of Madras)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of Madras

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rāja)

• madra – name of a country/people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

शरवर्षं (śaravarṣaṁ) - shower of arrows, volley of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)

मुमोच (mumoca) - he released, he discharged, he cast

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of muc

Root: muc (class 6)

ह (ha) - indeed, verily, a particle of emphasis

(indeclinable)