महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-11, verse-31

स पपात रथोपस्थे तव पुत्रेण ताडितः ।
रुधिरौघपरिक्लिन्नः प्रविश्य विपुलं तमः ॥३१॥

31. sa papāta rathopasthe tava putreṇa tāḍitaḥ ,
rudhiraughapariklinnaḥ praviśya vipulaṁ tamaḥ.

31. sa papāta rathopasthe tava putreṇa tāḍitaḥ
rudhiraughapariklinnaḥ praviśya vipulaṃ tamaḥ

31. tava putreṇa tāḍitaḥ rudhiraughapariklinnaḥ
saḥ vipulaṃ tamaḥ praviśya rathopasthe papāta

31. Struck by your son and drenched in streams of blood, he fell into the chariot seat, sinking into profound darkness.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Cekitāna) (he, that)

• पपात (papāta) - fell, flew, alighted

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on the chariot seat, in the interior of the chariot

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by your son (Duryodhana) (by son)

• ताडितः (tāḍitaḥ) - struck, beaten, hit

• रुधिरौघपरिक्लिन्नः (rudhiraughapariklinnaḥ) - drenched in streams of blood

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered, entering

• विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, great, profound

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, gloom, unconsciousness

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Cekitāna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पपात (papāta) - fell, flew, alighted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on the chariot seat, in the interior of the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot seat, inner part of a chariot

Compound of ratha and upastha

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, seat, vicinity
  noun (masculine)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by your son (Duryodhana) (by son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

ताडितः (tāḍitaḥ) - struck, beaten, hit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāḍita

tāḍita - struck, beaten

Past Passive Participle

from causative of taḍ

Root: taḍ (class 10)

रुधिरौघपरिक्लिन्नः (rudhiraughapariklinnaḥ) - drenched in streams of blood

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudhiraughapariklinna

rudhiraughapariklinna - drenched in streams of blood

Past Passive Participle

Compound of rudhira, ogha, and pariklinna

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rudhiraugha+pariklinna)

• rudhiraugha – flood of blood
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of rudhira and ogha
• pariklinna – completely moistened, drenched
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from klid with pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: klid (class 4)

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered, entering

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

from viś with pra

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, great, profound

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipula

vipula - large, vast, extensive

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, gloom, unconsciousness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom

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