महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-11, verse-56

ध्वजाग्रं चास्य समरे कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
प्रमुखे वर्तमानस्य भल्लेनापहरद्रथात् ॥५६॥

56. dhvajāgraṁ cāsya samare kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
pramukhe vartamānasya bhallenāpaharadrathāt.

56. dhvajāgram ca asya samare kuntīputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
pramukhe vartamānasya bhallena apaharat rathāt

56. ca samare kuntīputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ pramukhe
vartamānasya asya rathāt dhvajāgram bhallena apaharat

56. And Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, in battle, with a crescent-shaped arrow (bhalla), cut off the top of his (Shalya's) banner from the chariot, while he (Shalya) was standing in front.

Words meanings summery:

• ध्वजाग्रम् (dhvajāgram) - top of the banner, banner-tip

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - of Shalya (of him, his)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Yudhishthira, as a son of Kunti (the son of Kunti)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

• प्रमुखे (pramukhe) - while Shalya was standing facing them (in front, at the forefront, facing)

• वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of Shalya, who was standing there (of him who was standing, of him who was present)

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a bhalla (crescent-shaped arrow)

• अपहरत् (apaharat) - he carried away, he cut off, he removed

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

Words meanings and morphology

ध्वजाग्रम् (dhvajāgram) - top of the banner, banner-tip

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhvajāgra

dhvajāgra - top of a banner or flag

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dhvaja+agra)

• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, top, front, chief part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the verb 'apaharat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of Shalya (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Yudhishthira, as a son of Kunti (the son of Kunti)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kunti

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kunti (name of a queen, mother of the Pandavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother, meaning 'steady in battle')

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative case of 'yudh' (battle), used adverbially in compounds.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'apaharat'.

प्रमुखे (pramukhe) - while Shalya was standing facing them (in front, at the forefront, facing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pramukha

pramukha - foremost, chief, principal; front, presence, face

Note: Functions adverbially, describing the position of 'vartamānasya'.

वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - of Shalya, who was standing there (of him who was standing, of him who was present)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, standing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Formed from the root √vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn) with the suffix -māna.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'asya'.

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a bhalla (crescent-shaped arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of arrow, crescent-shaped arrow

Note: The instrument used to cut off the banner-top.

अपहरत् (apaharat) - he carried away, he cut off, he removed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of apaharat

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ)

Formed from the root √hṛ (class 1) with the prefix apa-.

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Indicates the source from which the banner was removed.