महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-11, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
पतितं प्रेक्ष्य यन्तारं शल्यः सर्वायसीं गदाम् ।
आदाय तरसा राजंस्तस्थौ गिरिरिवाचलः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
patitaṁ prekṣya yantāraṁ śalyaḥ sarvāyasīṁ gadām ,
ādāya tarasā rājaṁstasthau giririvācalaḥ.

1. saṃjaya uvāca patitaṃ prekṣya yantāraṃ śalyaḥ sarvāyasīm
gadām ādāya tarasā rājan tasthau girir iva acalaḥ

1. saṃjaya uvāca rājan yantāraṃ patitaṃ prekṣya śalyaḥ
sarvāyasīm gadām ādāya tarasā acalaḥ giriḥ iva tasthau

1. Saṃjaya said: O king, seeing the charioteer fallen, Shalya swiftly took up his iron mace and stood firm like an immovable mountain.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen

• यन्तारम् (yantāram) - charioteer, driver

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya

• सर्वायसीम् (sarvāyasīm) - entirely made of iron

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken up

• तरसा (tarasā) - swiftly, with energy, violently

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood

• गिरिः (giriḥ) - mountain

• इव (iva) - like, as

• अचलः (acalaḥ) - immovable

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya

उवाच (uvāca) - said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen

Past Passive Participle

from pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen

(indeclinable)

gerund / absolutive

pra + īkṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

यन्तारम् (yantāram) - charioteer, driver

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yantṛ

yantṛ - charioteer, controller, driver

from yam

Root: yam (class 1)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (proper name)

सर्वायसीम् (sarvāyasīm) - entirely made of iron

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarvāyasa

sarvāyasa - made entirely of iron

sarva + ayasa

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sarva+ayasa)

• sarva – all, whole, entire
  adjective (masculine)
• ayasa – iron, made of iron
  adjective (neuter)

गदाम् (gadām) - mace

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken up

(indeclinable)

gerund / absolutive

ā + dā

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

तरसा (tarasā) - swiftly, with energy, violently

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of taras

taras - energy, speed, swiftness

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

गिरिः (giriḥ) - mountain

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

अचलः (acalaḥ) - immovable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immovable, mountain

a + cala

Root: cal (class 1)

Next Verse