महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-11, verse-40

श्रवणान्नामधेयानां पाण्डवानां च कीर्तनात् ।
परस्परं विजानीमो ये चायुध्यन्नभीतवत् ॥४०॥

40. śravaṇānnāmadheyānāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ ca kīrtanāt ,
parasparaṁ vijānīmo ye cāyudhyannabhītavat.

40. śravaṇāt nāmadheyānām pāṇḍavānām ca kīrtanāt
parasparam vijānīmaḥ ye ca āyudhyan abhītavat

40. nāmadheyānām pāṇḍavānām ca śravaṇāt ca kīrtanāt,
ye abhītavat āyudhyan ca,
parasparam vijānīmaḥ

40. By hearing the names, by the renown of the Pāṇḍavas, and by (observing) those who fought fearlessly, we distinguish among them.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रवणात् (śravaṇāt) - from hearing, by hearing

• नामधेयानाम् (nāmadheyānām) - of the names

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• च (ca) - and

• कीर्तनात् (kīrtanāt) - from mentioning, from proclaiming, by the renown

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other, among themselves

• विजानीमः (vijānīmaḥ) - we recognize, we know, we discern

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• च (ca) - and

• आयुध्यन् (āyudhyan) - they fought

• अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly, like one unafraid

Words meanings and morphology

श्रवणात् (śravaṇāt) - from hearing, by hearing

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śravaṇa

śravaṇa - hearing, ear, the act of hearing

नामधेयानाम् (nāmadheyānām) - of the names

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of nāmadheya

nāmadheya - name, appellation, that which is named

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāman+dheya)

• nāman – name, appellation
  noun (neuter)
• dheya – to be placed, assigned, to be given; name (as that which is assigned)
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
  from √dhā (to place, put, assign)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कीर्तनात् (kīrtanāt) - from mentioning, from proclaiming, by the renown

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kīrtana

kīrtana - mentioning, proclaiming, celebrating, renown, fame

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other, among themselves

(indeclinable)

विजानीमः (vijānīmaḥ) - we recognize, we know, we discern

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vi-jñā

Present

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आयुध्यन् (āyudhyan) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-yudh

Imperfect

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly, like one unafraid

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (abhīta+vat)

• abhīta – fearless, unafraid
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from a- (negating prefix) + bhīta (frightened, from √bhī)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• vat – like, as, as if
  indeclinable
  suffix indicating similarity