महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-11, verse-49

तं वार्य पाण्डवं बाणैर्हन्तुकामो महायशाः ।
विव्याध समरे क्रुद्धो बहुभिः कङ्कपत्रिभिः ॥४९॥

49. taṁ vārya pāṇḍavaṁ bāṇairhantukāmo mahāyaśāḥ ,
vivyādha samare kruddho bahubhiḥ kaṅkapatribhiḥ.

49. tam vārya pāṇḍavam bāṇaiḥ hantukāmaḥ mahāyaśāḥ
vivyādha samare kruddhaḥ bahubhiḥ kaṅkapatribhiḥ

49. mahāyaśāḥ kruddhaḥ hantukāmaḥ tam pāṇḍavam bāṇaiḥ
vārya samare bahubhiḥ kaṅkapatribhiḥ vivyādha

49. The greatly renowned [Śalya], enraged and intent on killing the Pāṇḍava (pāṇḍava) [Yudhiṣṭhira], first checked him with arrows, and then pierced him in battle with many arrows feathered with vulture (kaṅka) feathers.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Yudhiṣṭhira) (him, that)

• वार्य (vārya) - having checked (him) (having stopped, having restrained, having checked)

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pāṇḍava Yudhiṣṭhira (Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows)

• हन्तुकामः (hantukāmaḥ) - desirous to kill (Yudhiṣṭhira) (desirous to kill, wishing to kill)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - the greatly renowned (Śalya) (greatly renowned, very famous)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (him) (pierced, struck)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (Śalya) (enraged, angry)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many (arrows) (by many)

• कङ्कपत्रिभिः (kaṅkapatribhiḥ) - with arrows feathered with vulture (kaṅka) feathers (with vulture-feathered (arrows))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Yudhiṣṭhira) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

वार्य (vārya) - having checked (him) (having stopped, having restrained, having checked)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover, to restrain) with suffix -ya (kyaP)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Absolutive/Gerund indicating prior action.

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pāṇḍava Yudhiṣṭhira (Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Formed with suffix 'a' from 'paṇḍu'

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

हन्तुकामः (hantukāmaḥ) - desirous to kill (Yudhiṣṭhira) (desirous to kill, wishing to kill)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantukāma

hantukāma - desirous of killing, wishing to kill

Compound formed from 'hantu' (infinitive of han, to kill) and 'kāma' (desire)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hantu+kāma)

• hantu – to kill (infinitive)
  indeclinable
  infinitive
  Infinitive form of root 'han'
  Root: han (class 2)
• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the subject (Śalya).

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - the greatly renowned (Śalya) (greatly renowned, very famous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - greatly renowned, very famous

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'yaśas' (fame)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• yaśas – fame, glory
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Śalya, the Madra king.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (him) (pierced, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'vyadh'

Root: vyadh (class 4)

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 3)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (Śalya) (enraged, angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'krudh'

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the subject (Śalya).

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many (arrows) (by many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much

Note: Agrees with kaṅkapatribhiḥ (implied arrows).

कङ्कपत्रिभिः (kaṅkapatribhiḥ) - with arrows feathered with vulture (kaṅka) feathers (with vulture-feathered (arrows))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaṅkapatrin

kaṅkapatrin - feathered with vulture feathers

Compound of 'kaṅka' (vulture) and 'patrin' (feathered/arrow)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaṅka+patrin)

• kaṅka – vulture
  noun (masculine)
• patrin – feathered; an arrow (that which has feathers)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'patra' (feather) with suffix 'in'

Note: Implies 'arrows'.