महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-11, verse-50

अथ भूयो महाराज शरेण नतपर्वणा ।
युधिष्ठिरं समाजघ्ने सर्वसैन्यस्य पश्यतः ॥५०॥

50. atha bhūyo mahārāja śareṇa nataparvaṇā ,
yudhiṣṭhiraṁ samājaghne sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ.

50. atha bhūyaḥ mahārāja śareṇa nataparvaṇā
yudhiṣṭhiram samājaghne sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ

50. atha mahārāja bhūyaḥ nataparvaṇā śareṇa
sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ yudhiṣṭhiram samājaghne

50. Then again, O great king, [Śalya] struck Yudhiṣṭhira with a straight-flying (nataparvaṇā) arrow, as the entire army (sarvasainya) watched.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now, so)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, further, more)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

• शरेण (śareṇa) - with an arrow (with an arrow, by an arrow)

• नतपर्वणा (nataparvaṇā) - with a straight-flying (arrow) (with a bent-knotted, with a well-jointed, with a straight-flying (arrow))

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• समाजघ्ने (samājaghne) - he struck (he struck, he attacked)

• सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - as the entire army watched (genitive of agent with participle) (of the entire army)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching, in the sight of (seeing, while seeing)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now, so)

(indeclinable)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, further, more)

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of 'bahu'

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'rājan' (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used by Sañjaya to address Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

शरेण (śareṇa) - with an arrow (with an arrow, by an arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow

नतपर्वणा (nataparvaṇā) - with a straight-flying (arrow) (with a bent-knotted, with a well-jointed, with a straight-flying (arrow))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nataparvan

nataparvan - having bent knots (referring to an arrow, meaning well-made for straight flight)

Compound of 'nata' (bent/well-set) and 'parvan' (knot/joint)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nata+parvan)

• nata – bent, bowed, humbled, well-set
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'nam' (to bend)
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – knot, joint, section
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'śareṇa'.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun, literally 'firm in battle')

Compound 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)

समाजघ्ने (samājaghne) - he struck (he struck, he attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of han

Perfect Middle

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice of root 'han' with prefix 'sam-ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: han (class 2)

सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - as the entire army watched (genitive of agent with participle) (of the entire army)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - entire army

Compound of 'sarva' (all, entire) and 'sainya' (army)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every, entire
  adjective (neuter)
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'senā' (army)

Note: Genitive case indicating the agent of the participle 'paśyataḥ'.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching, in the sight of (seeing, while seeing)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, beholding

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root 'dṛś' (to see), stem 'paśyat'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sarvasainyasya'.