महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-11, verse-57

पाण्डुपुत्रेण वै तस्य केतुं छिन्नं महात्मना ।
निपतन्तमपश्याम गिरिशृङ्गमिवाहतम् ॥५७॥

57. pāṇḍuputreṇa vai tasya ketuṁ chinnaṁ mahātmanā ,
nipatantamapaśyāma giriśṛṅgamivāhatam.

57. pāṇḍuputreṇa vai tasya ketuṃ chinnaṃ mahātmanā
nipatantam apaśyāma giriśṛṅgam iva āhatam

57. vai tasya ketuṃ mahātmanā pāṇḍuputreṇa chinnaṃ
nipatantam āhatam giriśṛṅgam iva apaśyāma

57. Indeed, we saw his banner, cut down by the great-souled son of Pāṇḍu, falling like a shattered mountain peak.

Words meanings summery:

• पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by the son of Pāṇḍu

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Śalya's) (his, of him, of that)

• केतुं (ketuṁ) - banner, flag, standard

• छिन्नं (chinnaṁ) - cut, severed, broken

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Arjuna (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

• निपतन्तम् (nipatantam) - falling down, descending

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw, we beheld

• गिरिशृङ्गम् (giriśṛṅgam) - mountain peak, summit

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• आहतम् (āhatam) - struck, hit, shattered, wounded

Words meanings and morphology

पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by the son of Pāṇḍu

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Śalya's) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

केतुं (ketuṁ) - banner, flag, standard

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, standard; comet

छिन्नं (chinnaṁ) - cut, severed, broken

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of chinna

chinna - cut, severed, broken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'chid' with suffix '-ta'.

Root: chid (class 7)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Arjuna (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

निपतन्तम् (nipatantam) - falling down, descending

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nipatant

nipatant - falling, descending

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pat' with prefix 'ni-' and suffix '-at'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw, we beheld

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गिरिशृङ्गम् (giriśṛṅgam) - mountain peak, summit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of giriśṛṅga

giriśṛṅga - mountain peak

Compound type : tatpurusha (giri+śṛṅga)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• śṛṅga – horn, peak, summit
  noun (neuter)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

आहतम् (āhatam) - struck, hit, shattered, wounded

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āhata

āhata - struck, hit, shattered, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' with prefix 'ā-' and suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)