महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-8, verse-9

रथा रथैर्विनिहता मत्ता मत्तैर्द्विपैर्द्विपाः ।
सादिनः सादिभिश्चैव तस्मिन्परमसंकुले ॥९॥

9. rathā rathairvinihatā mattā mattairdvipairdvipāḥ ,
sādinaḥ sādibhiścaiva tasminparamasaṁkule.

9. rathāḥ rathaiḥ vinihatāḥ mattāḥ mattaiḥ dvipaiḥ
dvipāḥ sādinaḥ sādibhiḥ ca eva tasmin paramasaṅkule

9. tasmin paramasaṅkule rathāḥ rathaiḥ
vinihatāḥ [abhavan] mattāḥ dvipāḥ mattaiḥ
dvipaiḥ vinihatāḥ [abhavan] ca eva
sādinaḥ sādibhiḥ vinihatāḥ [abhavan]

9. In that extremely tumultuous battle, chariots were destroyed by chariots, maddened elephants by maddened elephants, and indeed, horsemen by horsemen.

Words meanings summery:

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

• विनिहताः (vinihatāḥ) - struck down, destroyed, killed

• मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - intoxicated, furious, maddened (elephants)

• मत्तैः (mattaiḥ) - by intoxicated (elephants), by maddened (elephants)

• द्विपैः (dvipaiḥ) - by elephants

• द्विपाः (dvipāḥ) - elephants

• सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - horsemen, riders

• सादिभिः (sādibhiḥ) - by horsemen, by riders

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• परमसङ्कुले (paramasaṅkule) - in that extremely tumultuous battle (in the great melee, in the extreme confusion)

Words meanings and morphology

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Subject of implied verb of destruction.

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Agent of destruction.

विनिहताः (vinihatāḥ) - struck down, destroyed, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinihata

vinihata - struck down, destroyed, killed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √han (to strike, kill) with prefixes `vi-ni`.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes `rathāḥ`, `dvipāḥ`, and `sādinaḥ`. The verb `abhavan` or similar is implied.

मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - intoxicated, furious, maddened (elephants)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matta

matta - intoxicated, furious, maddened, wild, lustful

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `mad` (to be drunk, to be delighted), here meaning 'maddened' or 'in rut'.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Modifies `dvipāḥ`.

मत्तैः (mattaiḥ) - by intoxicated (elephants), by maddened (elephants)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of matta

matta - intoxicated, furious, maddened, wild, lustful

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `mad` (to be drunk, to be delighted), here meaning 'maddened' or 'in rut'.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Modifies `dvipaiḥ`.

द्विपैः (dvipaiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'two-drinker', referring to trunk and mouth)

Compound of `dvi` (two) + `pa` (drinker, from √pā)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root √pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Agent of destruction.

द्विपाः (dvipāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'two-drinker', referring to trunk and mouth)

Compound of `dvi` (two) + `pa` (drinker, from √pā)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root √pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied verb of destruction.

सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - horsemen, riders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - rider, horseman, one who sits (on an animal)

Agent noun from √sad (to sit)

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied verb of destruction.

सादिभिः (sādibhiḥ) - by horsemen, by riders

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - rider, horseman, one who sits (on an animal)

Agent noun from √sad (to sit)

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agent of destruction.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the last pair.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to `paramasaṅkule`.

परमसङ्कुले (paramasaṅkule) - in that extremely tumultuous battle (in the great melee, in the extreme confusion)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of paramasaṅkula

paramasaṅkula - great confusion, extreme turmoil, huge melee, extremely crowded

Compound of `parama` (supreme, extreme) and `saṅkula` (confused, crowded, tumultuous).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+saṅkula)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• saṅkula – crowded, confused, tumultuous, filled with
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root `kul` with prefix `sam-`
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Location of the battle.