महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-8, verse-10

रथा वररथैर्नागैरश्वारोहाश्च पत्तिभिः ।
अश्वारोहैः पदाताश्च निहता युधि शेरते ॥१०॥

10. rathā vararathairnāgairaśvārohāśca pattibhiḥ ,
aśvārohaiḥ padātāśca nihatā yudhi śerate.

10. rathāḥ vararathaiḥ nāgaiḥ aśvārohāḥ ca pattibhiḥ
aśvārohaiḥ padātāḥ ca nihatāḥ yudhi śerate

10. yudhi rathāḥ vararathaiḥ [nihatāḥ]
śerate aśvārohāḥ ca nāgaiḥ
pattibhiḥ [nihatāḥ] śerate padātāḥ
ca aśvārohaiḥ nihatāḥ śerate

10. In battle, chariots were destroyed by superior chariots; horsemen by elephants and foot soldiers; and foot soldiers by horsemen. All these, struck down, now lie on the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• वररथैः (vararathaiḥ) - by excellent chariots, by superior chariots

• नागैः (nāgaiḥ) - by elephants

• अश्वारोहाः (aśvārohāḥ) - horsemen, cavalry

• च (ca) - and

• पत्तिभिः (pattibhiḥ) - by foot soldiers, by infantry

• अश्वारोहैः (aśvārohaiḥ) - by horsemen, by cavalry

• पदाताः (padātāḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

• च (ca) - and

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - struck down, killed, destroyed

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in the fight

• शेरते (śerate) - they lie, they repose, they sleep

Words meanings and morphology

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Subject for the implied verb of falling/lying.

वररथैः (vararathaiḥ) - by excellent chariots, by superior chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vararatha

vararatha - excellent chariot, superior chariot

Compound of `vara` (excellent, best) and `ratha` (chariot).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vara+ratha)

• vara – excellent, best, choicest, boon
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent for `rathāḥ`.

नागैः (nāgaiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - elephant; serpent

Note: Agent for `aśvārohāḥ`.

अश्वारोहाः (aśvārohāḥ) - horsemen, cavalry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśvāroha

aśvāroha - horseman, rider

Compound of `aśva` (horse) and `āroha` (rider, one who ascends).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (aśva+āroha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, ascent, climbing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root √ruh (to rise, ascend) with prefix `ā-`
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Subject for the implied verb of falling/lying.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `nāgaiḥ` and `pattibhiḥ` as agents for `aśvārohāḥ`.

पत्तिभिः (pattibhiḥ) - by foot soldiers, by infantry

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of patti

patti - foot soldier, infantry

Note: Agent for `aśvārohāḥ`.

अश्वारोहैः (aśvārohaiḥ) - by horsemen, by cavalry

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśvāroha

aśvāroha - horseman, rider

Compound of `aśva` (horse) and `āroha` (rider, one who ascends).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (aśva+āroha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, ascent, climbing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root √ruh (to rise, ascend) with prefix `ā-`
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Agent for `padātāḥ`.

पदाताः (padātāḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padāta

padāta - foot soldier, pedestrian, infantry

Derived from `pada` (foot) and `ata` (moving, going).

Note: Subject for the implied verb of falling/lying.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this last clause.

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - struck down, killed, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, destroyed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √han (to strike, kill) with prefix `ni-`.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies `rathāḥ`, `aśvārohāḥ`, `padātāḥ`.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Location of action.

शेरते (śerate) - they lie, they repose, they sleep

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present Middle

3rd person plural Present Middle indicative of √śī.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Main verb.