महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-8, verse-7

हयस्यन्दननागेभ्यः पेतुर्वीरा द्विषद्धताः ।
विमानेभ्यो यथा क्षीणे पुण्ये स्वर्गसदस्तथा ॥७॥

7. hayasyandananāgebhyaḥ peturvīrā dviṣaddhatāḥ ,
vimānebhyo yathā kṣīṇe puṇye svargasadastathā.

7. hayasyandanāgebhyaḥ petuḥ vīrāḥ dviṣaddhatāḥ
vimānebhyo yathā kṣīṇe puṇye svargasadaḥ tathā

7. vīrāḥ dviṣaddhatāḥ hayasyandanāgebhyaḥ petuḥ
yathā puṇye kṣīṇe svargasadaḥ vimānebhyo tathā

7. Warriors, struck down by their foes, fell from horses, chariots, and elephants, just as the dwellers of heaven fall from their celestial conveyances when their acquired merit (puṇya) is exhausted.

Words meanings summery:

• हयस्यन्दनागेभ्यः (hayasyandanāgebhyaḥ) - from horses, chariots, and elephants

• पेतुः (petuḥ) - fell

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

• द्विषद्धताः (dviṣaddhatāḥ) - struck by enemies, killed by foes

• विमानेभ्यो (vimānebhyo) - from celestial chariots/vehicles

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when exhausted, diminished, wasted

• पुण्ये (puṇye) - when acquired merit (puṇya) is exhausted (in merit, when merit is exhausted)

• स्वर्गसदः (svargasadaḥ) - dwellers of heaven, celestial beings

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

Words meanings and morphology

हयस्यन्दनागेभ्यः (hayasyandanāgebhyaḥ) - from horses, chariots, and elephants

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of hayasyandanāga

hayasyandanāga - horses, chariots, and elephants (as a compound)

Compound type : dvandva (haya+syandana+nāga)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• syandana – chariot
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √syand (to go, move, trickle)
  Root: syand (class 1)
• nāga – elephant; serpent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound word `haya-syandana-nāga` is a Dvandva. The ablative plural ending `-ebhyaḥ` applies to the entire compound.

पेतुः (petuḥ) - fell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect Active

3rd person plural Perfect active indicative of √pat

Root: pat (class 1)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Subject of `petuḥ`.

द्विषद्धताः (dviṣaddhatāḥ) - struck by enemies, killed by foes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dviṣaddhata

dviṣaddhata - struck by enemies

Compound formed from `dviṣat` (enemy) and `hata` (struck/killed).

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (dviṣat+hata)

• dviṣat – enemy, hating, hostile
  noun (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of √dviṣ (to hate)
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)
• hata – struck, killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies `vīrāḥ`.

विमानेभ्यो (vimānebhyo) - from celestial chariots/vehicles

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of vimāna

vimāna - celestial chariot, aerial car, measure

Prefix: vi

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Parallel to `hayasyandanāgebhyaḥ`.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when exhausted, diminished, wasted

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣīṇa

kṣīṇa - wasted, exhausted, diminished, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √kṣi (to waste, diminish)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `puṇye`. Indicates a condition ('when X is Y').

पुण्ये (puṇye) - when acquired merit (puṇya) is exhausted (in merit, when merit is exhausted)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - merit, virtuous action, virtue, auspicious

Note: In the context of Vedic cosmology, merit (puṇya) is accumulated through good deeds and allows one to reside in heaven for a period, after which one falls back to the mortal realm.

स्वर्गसदः (svargasadaḥ) - dwellers of heaven, celestial beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svargasada

svargasada - dweller in heaven, celestial inhabitant

Compound formed from `svarga` (heaven) and `sad` (dweller, sitting).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (svarga+sad)

• svarga – heaven, abode of light
  noun (masculine)
• sad – one who sits, dweller
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from verbal root √sad (to sit)
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb of falling, parallel to `vīrāḥ`.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

(indeclinable)