महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-8, verse-36

अथ कार्मुकमादाय महाजलदनिस्वनम् ।
रिपोरभ्यर्दयन्नागमुन्मदः पाण्डवः शरैः ॥३६॥

36. atha kārmukamādāya mahājaladanisvanam ,
riporabhyardayannāgamunmadaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ śaraiḥ.

36. atha kārmukam ādāya mahājaladanisvanam ripoḥ
abhyardayan nāgam unmadaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ śaraiḥ

36. atha unmadaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ mahājaladanisvanam kārmukam ādāya,
ripoḥ nāgam śaraiḥ abhyardayan.

36. Then, taking up his bow which resounded like a great thundercloud, the enraged Pāṇḍava attacked the enemy's elephant with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover, indeed)

• कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken up (his bow) (having taken, having seized)

• महाजलदनिस्वनम् (mahājaladanisvanam) - resounding like a great cloud, having the sound of a great cloud

• रिपोः (ripoḥ) - of the enemy

• अभ्यर्दयन् (abhyardayan) - attacking (the elephant) (afflicting, tormenting, attacking)

• नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (in battle context) (elephant, snake)

• उन्मदः (unmadaḥ) - enraged (Pāṇḍava) (furious, enraged, mad)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover, indeed)

(indeclinable)

कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārmuka

kārmuka - bow, made of kārmuka wood

Derived from 'karmuka' (a specific tree) or 'kārmuka' (an archer's bow).

Note: Object of `ādāya`.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken up (his bow) (having taken, having seized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix 'ā' + root 'dā' (to give, to take) + suffix '-ya' for absolutive.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

महाजलदनिस्वनम् (mahājaladanisvanam) - resounding like a great cloud, having the sound of a great cloud

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahājaladanisvana

mahājaladanisvana - sounding like a great cloud

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+jalada+nisvana)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
  Stem of 'mahat' in compound form.
• jalada – cloud (giver of water)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'jala' (water) and 'da' (giver).
• nisvana – sound, roar, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'svan' (to sound) with prefix 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `kārmukam`.

रिपोः (ripoḥ) - of the enemy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

Note: Qualifies `nāgam`.

अभ्यर्दयन् (abhyardayan) - attacking (the elephant) (afflicting, tormenting, attacking)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyardayat

abhyardayat - afflicting, tormenting

Present active participle

From root 'ṛd' (to torment, to afflict) with prefix 'abhi' and 'ā', forming `abhyardayati`. Stem for participle is `abhyardayant`.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: ṛd (class 1)

नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (in battle context) (elephant, snake)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - snake, serpent, elephant

उन्मदः (unmadaḥ) - enraged (Pāṇḍava) (furious, enraged, mad)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of unmada

unmada - furious, mad, intoxicated

From prefix 'ud' (up, out) + root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, to be excited).

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava prince

Patronymic derivation from Pāṇḍu.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

From root 'śṛ' (to injure).

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Means by which the elephant was attacked.