महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-8, verse-30

समुद्यतकराभ्यां तौ द्विपाभ्यां कृतिनावुभौ ।
वातोद्धूतपताकाभ्यां युयुधाते महाबलौ ॥३०॥

30. samudyatakarābhyāṁ tau dvipābhyāṁ kṛtināvubhau ,
vātoddhūtapatākābhyāṁ yuyudhāte mahābalau.

30. samudyata-karābhyām tau dvipābhyām kṛtinau ubhau
vāta-uddhūta-patākābhyām yuyudhāte mahābalau

30. tau ubhau kṛtinau mahābalau samudyata-karābhyām
vāta-uddhūta-patākābhyām dvipābhyām yuyudhāte

30. Both those two mighty and skilled warriors fought, resembling two elephants with raised trunks and banners fluttering in the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• समुद्यत-कराभ्याम् (samudyata-karābhyām) - with raised trunks (referring to elephants, metaphorically the warriors) (with raised trunks/hands)

• तौ (tau) - those two

• द्विपाभ्याम् (dvipābhyām) - resembling two elephants (the warriors) (by/with two elephants)

• कृतिनौ (kṛtinau) - two skilled, two accomplished

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• वात-उद्धूत-पताकाभ्याम् (vāta-uddhūta-patākābhyām) - with banners agitated by the wind, with wind-blown banners

• युयुधाते (yuyudhāte) - they (two) fought

• महाबलौ (mahābalau) - two mighty, two very powerful

Words meanings and morphology

समुद्यत-कराभ्याम् (samudyata-karābhyām) - with raised trunks (referring to elephants, metaphorically the warriors) (with raised trunks/hands)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of samudyata-kara

samudyata-kara - having raised hands/trunks

Compound type : karmadhāraya (samudyata+kara)

• samudyata – raised, lifted up, prepared
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √yam with prefixes sam- and ud-
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: yam (class 1)
• kara – hand, trunk (of an elephant)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with dvipābhyām.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

द्विपाभ्याम् (dvipābhyām) - resembling two elephants (the warriors) (by/with two elephants)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'two-drinker')

Note: Used here in apposition to the implied warriors, describing them as elephants.

कृतिनौ (kṛtinau) - two skilled, two accomplished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṛtin

kṛtin - skilled, expert, accomplished, successful

Derived from root √kṛ with suffix -in

Root: kṛ (class 8)

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

वात-उद्धूत-पताकाभ्याम् (vāta-uddhūta-patākābhyām) - with banners agitated by the wind, with wind-blown banners

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of vāta-uddhūta-patākā

vāta-uddhūta-patākā - banner agitated by the wind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (referring to elephants adorned with banners) (vāta+uddhūta+patākā)

• vāta – wind
  noun (masculine)
• uddhūta – agitated, shaken, fanned, blown up
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dhū with prefix ud-
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)
• patākā – banner, flag, standard
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with dvipābhyām.

युयुधाते (yuyudhāte) - they (two) fought

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, perfect (liṭ) of yudh

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd person dual middle voice of √yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

महाबलौ (mahābalau) - two mighty, two very powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahābala

mahābala - very powerful, mighty, great strength

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)