महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-8, verse-38

तामभ्यधावद्द्विरदं भीमसेनस्य नागराट् ।
महावातेरितं मेघं वातोद्धूत इवाम्बुदः ॥३८॥

38. tāmabhyadhāvaddviradaṁ bhīmasenasya nāgarāṭ ,
mahāvāteritaṁ meghaṁ vātoddhūta ivāmbudaḥ.

38. tām abhyadhāvat dviradam bhīmasenasya nāgarāṭ
mahāvāteritam megham vātoddhūtaḥ iva ambudaḥ

38. bhīmasenasya nāgarāṭ,
vātoddhūtaḥ ambudaḥ iva,
tām dviradam mahāvāteritam megham iva,
abhyadhāvat.

38. Bhīmasena's king of elephants charged towards that elephant. That elephant was like a great cloud (megha) driven by a mighty wind, while the king of elephants himself was like a cloud (ambuda) scattered by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (elephant) (that, her)

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - charged, ran towards

• द्विरदम् (dviradam) - elephant (having two teeth/tusks)

• भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhīmasena

• नागराट् (nāgarāṭ) - king of elephants, best elephant

• महावातेरितम् (mahāvāteritam) - driven by a great wind

• मेघम् (megham) - cloud

• वातोद्धूतः (vātoddhūtaḥ) - scattered by wind, swept away by wind

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - cloud (giver of water)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (elephant) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - charged, ran towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of abhi-dhā

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From prefix 'abhi' + root 'dhāv' (to run) + augment 'a' + imperfect ending.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

द्विरदम् (dviradam) - elephant (having two teeth/tusks)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvirada

dvirada - elephant (having two teeth/tusks), tooth

Compound of 'dvi' (two) and 'rada' (tooth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+rada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• rada – tooth, tusk
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'rad' (to bite, to tear).
  Root: rad (class 1)

Note: Object of `abhyadhāvat`.

भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - name of a Pāṇḍava prince

Note: Possessive, referring to `nāgarāṭ`.

नागराट् (nāgarāṭ) - king of elephants, best elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgarāja

nāgarāja - king of elephants, king of snakes, best among its kind

Compound of 'nāga' (elephant/snake) and 'rājan' (king). The final 'n' of `rājan` becomes `ṭ` in nominative singular before a pause.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+rājan)

• nāga – elephant, snake
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `abhyadhāvat`.

महावातेरितम् (mahāvāteritam) - driven by a great wind

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāvāterita

mahāvāterita - driven by a great wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+vāta+īrita)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
  Stem of 'mahat' in compound form.
• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vā' (to blow).
  Root: vā (class 2)
• īrita – driven, moved, agitated
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'īr' (to move, to stir) + suffix '-ta'.
  Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `megham`.

मेघम् (megham) - cloud

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of megha

megha - cloud

From root 'mih' (to sprinkle).

Root: mih (class 1)

Note: Used in simile with `dviradam`.

वातोद्धूतः (vātoddhūtaḥ) - scattered by wind, swept away by wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vātoddhūta

vātoddhūta - scattered by wind, swept away by wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+uddhūta)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vā' (to blow).
  Root: vā (class 2)
• uddhūta – scattered, shaken off, swept away
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'ud' + root 'dhū' (to shake, to agitate) + suffix '-ta'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - cloud (giver of water)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud, giver of water

Compound of 'ambū' (water) and 'da' (giver).

Note: Used in simile with `nāgarāṭ`.