महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-8, verse-40

ततः साधुविसृष्टेन क्षुरेण पुरुषर्षभः ।
छित्त्वा शरासनं शत्रोर्नागमामित्रमार्दयत् ॥४०॥

40. tataḥ sādhuvisṛṣṭena kṣureṇa puruṣarṣabhaḥ ,
chittvā śarāsanaṁ śatrornāgamāmitramārdayat.

40. tataḥ sādhu-visṛṣṭena kṣureṇa puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ
chittvā śarāsanam śatroḥ nāgam amitram āmadayat

40. tataḥ puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ sādhu-visṛṣṭena kṣureṇa śatroḥ śarāsanam chittvā,
amitram nāgam āmadayat

40. Then, that bull among men (Bhimasena), with a well-released razor-edged arrow, having cut the enemy's bow, crushed the enemy's elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• साधु-विसृष्टेन (sādhu-visṛṣṭena) - by a well-released, by a well-aimed

• क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - by a razor-edged arrow (by a razor, by a razor-edged arrow)

• पुरुष-ऋषभः (puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ) - Bhimasena, the bull among men (bull among men, best of men)

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, having severed

• शरासनम् (śarāsanam) - bow

• शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of the enemy

• नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (elephant, serpent)

• अमित्रम् (amitram) - the enemy (Kshemadhurti) (enemy, foe)

• आमदयत् (āmadayat) - he crushed, he tormented, he trampled

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix tasi (तः).

साधु-विसृष्टेन (sādhu-visṛṣṭena) - by a well-released, by a well-aimed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sādhu-visṛṣṭa

sādhu-visṛṣṭa - well-discharged, well-released, well-shot

Past Passive Participle

From sādhu (well) + visṛṣṭa (released).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sādhu+visṛṣṭa)

• sādhu – well, good, proper
  indeclinable
• visṛṣṭa – released, discharged, sent forth
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi- + root sṛj (to release).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - by a razor-edged arrow (by a razor, by a razor-edged arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣura

kṣura - razor, a type of arrow

Root: kṣur (class 1)

पुरुष-ऋषभः (puruṣa-ṛṣabhaḥ) - Bhimasena, the bull among men (bull among men, best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, excellent man

puruṣa (man) + ṛṣabha (bull, excellent one).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Referring to Bhimasena.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut, having severed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root chid (to cut) + ktvā suffix.

Root: chid (class 7)

शरासनम् (śarāsanam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarāsana

śarāsana - bow (lit. 'arrow-seat')

śara (arrow) + āsana (seat).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śara+āsana)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• āsana – seat, sitting
  noun (neuter)
  From root ās (to sit) + ana suffix.
  Root: ās (class 2)

शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of the enemy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

u-stem noun.

Root: śad

Note: Referring to Kshemadhurti.

नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (elephant, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant

Note: Refers to Kshemadhurti's elephant.

अमित्रम् (amitram) - the enemy (Kshemadhurti) (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe (lit. 'not a friend')

a- (not) + mitra (friend).

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Kshemadhurti.

आमदयत् (āmadayat) - he crushed, he tormented, he trampled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of ā-mṛd

Imperfect active, causative

From root mṛd (to crush) with prefix ā-, causative stem mardaya, imperfect 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: mṛd (class 9)