महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-8, verse-37

स शरौघार्दितो नागो भीमसेनेन संयुगे ।
निगृह्यमाणो नातिष्ठद्वातध्वस्त इवाम्बुदः ॥३७॥

37. sa śaraughārdito nāgo bhīmasenena saṁyuge ,
nigṛhyamāṇo nātiṣṭhadvātadhvasta ivāmbudaḥ.

37. saḥ śaraughārditaḥ nāgaḥ bhīmasenena saṃyuge
nigṛhyamāṇaḥ na atiṣṭhat vātadhvastaḥ iva ambudaḥ

37. saḥ śaraughārditaḥ nāgaḥ,
bhīmasenena saṃyuge nigṛhyamāṇaḥ,
vātadhvastaḥ ambudaḥ iva na atiṣṭhat.

37. That elephant, afflicted by a volley of arrows from Bhīmasena in battle, was being overpowered and could not stand firm, just like a cloud scattered by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the elephant) (that, he)

• शरौघार्दितः (śaraughārditaḥ) - afflicted by a shower/multitude of arrows

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (elephant, snake)

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in engagement, in conflict

• निगृह्यमाणः (nigṛhyamāṇaḥ) - being overpowered (being restrained, being held back, being overpowered)

• न (na) - not, no

• अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood firm (stood, remained, stayed, was firm)

• वातध्वस्तः (vātadhvastaḥ) - dispersed by wind, scattered by wind

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - cloud (giver of water)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the elephant) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the elephant mentioned previously.

शरौघार्दितः (śaraughārditaḥ) - afflicted by a shower/multitude of arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaraughārdita

śaraughārdita - afflicted by a multitude of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaraugha+ārdita)

• śaraugha – shower/multitude of arrows
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'śara' (arrow) and 'ogha' (flood, multitude).
• ārdita – afflicted, tormented, pained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛd' (to torment, to afflict) + suffix '-ta'.
  Root: ṛd (class 7)

नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (elephant, snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - snake, serpent, elephant

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - name of a Pāṇḍava prince (son of Pāṇḍu and Kuntī)

Note: Agent of being afflicted/restrained.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in engagement, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, conflict, union

From prefix 'sam' + root 'yuj' (to join).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

निगृह्यमाणः (nigṛhyamāṇaḥ) - being overpowered (being restrained, being held back, being overpowered)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigṛhyamāṇa

nigṛhyamāṇa - being restrained, being held back

Present passive participle

From prefix 'ni' + root 'grah' (to seize, to hold) + passive stem '-gṛhyate' + suffix '-māna'.

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `atiṣṭhat`.

अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood firm (stood, remained, stayed, was firm)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of sthā

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Formed with augment 'a' + root 'sthā' + imperfect ending.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The augment 'a' is common in imperfect tense.

वातध्वस्तः (vātadhvastaḥ) - dispersed by wind, scattered by wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vātadhvasta

vātadhvasta - dispersed by wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+dhvasta)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vā' (to blow).
  Root: vā (class 2)
• dhvasta – scattered, destroyed, dispersed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhvaṃs' (to fall, to scatter) + suffix '-ta'.
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - cloud (giver of water)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud, giver of water

Compound of 'ambū' (water) and 'da' (giver).