महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-11, verse-40

ततस्तु सारथिर्ज्ञात्वा द्रोणपुत्रमचेतनम् ।
अपोवाह रणाद्राजन्सर्वक्षत्रस्य पश्यतः ॥४०॥

40. tatastu sārathirjñātvā droṇaputramacetanam ,
apovāha raṇādrājansarvakṣatrasya paśyataḥ.

40. tataḥ tu sārathiḥ jñātvā droṇaputram acetanam
apovāha raṇāt rājan sarvakṣatrasya paśyataḥ

40. rājan tataḥ tu sārathiḥ droṇaputram acetanam
jñātvā sarvakṣatrasya paśyataḥ raṇāt apovāha

40. O King, then his charioteer, realizing that Drona's son (Aśvatthāman) was unconscious, drove him away from the battlefield as all the kṣatriyas (warriors) watched.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - Aśvatthāman's charioteer (charioteer)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - realizing (having known, having understood, knowing)

• द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Drona's son (Aśvatthāman) (Drona's son)

• अचेतनम् (acetanam) - unconscious, senseless

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - drove away

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battlefield (from battle, from the fight)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

• सर्वक्षत्रस्य (sarvakṣatrasya) - of all the assembled warriors (kṣatriyas) (of all the kṣatriyas, of all warriors)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching (of one who is seeing, watching)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - Aśvatthāman's charioteer (charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - realizing (having known, having understood, knowing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Drona's son (Aśvatthāman) (Drona's son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Aśvatthāman.

अचेतनम् (acetanam) - unconscious, senseless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acetana

acetana - unconscious, senseless, inanimate

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cetana)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• cetana – conscious, sentient, having spirit
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'droṇaputram'.

अपोवाह (apovāha) - drove away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of apovah

Perfect (liṭ-lakāra) 3rd person singular

Prefixes: apa+vah

Root: vah (class 1)

रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battlefield (from battle, from the fight)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

सर्वक्षत्रस्य (sarvakṣatrasya) - of all the assembled warriors (kṣatriyas) (of all the kṣatriyas, of all warriors)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarvakṣatra

sarvakṣatra - all kṣatriyas, all warriors

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+kṣatra)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• kṣatra – warrior, kṣatriya class
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the collective body of kṣatriyas, 'while they were looking on'.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching (of one who is seeing, watching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking

Present Active Participle

from root dṛś (to see), in present stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used idiomatically with genitive to mean 'while X was looking on' (sarvakṣatrasya paśyataḥ).