महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-11, verse-38

तौ सायकौ महाराज द्योतमानौ चमूमुखे ।
आजघ्नाते समासाद्य वज्रवेगौ दुरासदौ ॥३८॥

38. tau sāyakau mahārāja dyotamānau camūmukhe ,
ājaghnāte samāsādya vajravegau durāsadau.

38. tau sāyakau mahārāja dyotamānau camūmukhe
ājaghnāte samāsādya vajravegau durāsadau

38. mahārāja camūmukhe dyotamānau vajravegau
durāsadau tau sāyakau samāsādya ājaghnāte

38. O great king, those two brilliant and irresistible arrows, possessing the speed of a thunderbolt, met and struck each other at the vanguard of the army.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Refers to the two arrows. (those two, they (dual))

• सायकौ (sāyakau) - arrows (dual)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• द्योतमानौ (dyotamānau) - shining, glistening, brilliant (dual)

• चमूमुखे (camūmukhe) - at the front of the army, in the vanguard

• आजघ्नाते (ājaghnāte) - The arrows struck each other. (they struck, they hit each other, they assailed (dual))

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - The arrows met each other. (having met, having encountered, having reached, having approached)

• वज्रवेगौ (vajravegau) - having the speed of a thunderbolt, thunderbolt-swift (dual)

• दुरासदौ (durāsadau) - difficult to approach, irresistible, unassailable (dual)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Refers to the two arrows. (those two, they (dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the two arrows ("sāyakau").

सायकौ (sāyakau) - arrows (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

From √sā (to send) + aka.

Root: sā

Note: Subject of the verb "ājaghnāte".

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

Note: An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

द्योतमानौ (dyotamānau) - shining, glistening, brilliant (dual)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dyotamāna

dyotamāna - shining, brilliant, resplendent

Present Middle Participle

From root √dyut (to shine) with middle voice suffix -māna.

Root: dyut (class 1)

चमूमुखे (camūmukhe) - at the front of the army, in the vanguard

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of camūmukha

camūmukha - front of the army, vanguard

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (camū+mukha)

• camū – army, host, troop
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, beginning
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes the location of the action.

आजघ्नाते (ājaghnāte) - The arrows struck each other. (they struck, they hit each other, they assailed (dual))

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect (liṭ), middle voice, dual, 3rd person

From ā-√han. Reduplicated form with ā prefix.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - The arrows met each other. (having met, having encountered, having reached, having approached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From sam-ā-√sad (to approach, meet).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Describes the action leading to "ājaghnāte".

वज्रवेगौ (vajravegau) - having the speed of a thunderbolt, thunderbolt-swift (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vajravega

vajravega - having the speed of a thunderbolt, swift as lightning

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vajra+vega)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  Root: vaj
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impetuosity
  noun (masculine)
  From √vij (to move quickly).
  Root: vij

दुरासदौ (durāsadau) - difficult to approach, irresistible, unassailable (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of durāsada

durāsada - difficult of access, unapproachable, formidable, irresistible

Gerundive (kṛtya) from dur-ā-√sad.

Formed from dur (difficult) + ā-√sad (to approach).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+āsada)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  A negative or pejorative prefix.
• āsada – approaching, reaching, assailable
  participle/adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive component
  From ā-√sad (to approach)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the arrows ("sāyakau").