महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-11, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
भीमसेनं ततो द्रौणी राजन्विव्याध पत्रिणा ।
त्वरया परया युक्तो दर्शयन्नस्त्रलाघवम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
bhīmasenaṁ tato drauṇī rājanvivyādha patriṇā ,
tvarayā parayā yukto darśayannastralāghavam.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca bhīmasenam tataḥ drauṇiḥ rājan vivyādha
patriṇā tvarayā parayā yuktaḥ darśayan astrālāghavam

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca rājan tataḥ drauṇiḥ parayā tvarayā yuktaḥ
astrālāghavam darśayan bhīmasenam patriṇā vivyādha

1. Sañjaya said: "Then, O King, Droṇi, demonstrating his agility in using weapons and possessed of supreme speed, pierced Bhīmasena with an arrow."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇi, son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

• राजन् (rājan) - Referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, wounded

• पत्रिणा (patriṇā) - with an arrow, with a feathered object

• त्वरया (tvarayā) - with speed, with haste

• परया (parayā) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined, equipped

• दर्शयन् (darśayan) - demonstrating, showing, displaying

• अस्त्रलाघवम् (astralāghavam) - skill in weaponry, agility with weapons

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (the charioteer and reporter of events to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect 3rd singular of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of the second Pāṇḍava brother)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇi, son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Droṇi (Aśvatthāman)

राजन् (rājan) - Referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vivyādha

Perfect 3rd singular of root 'vyadh'

Root: vyadh (class 4)

पत्रिणा (patriṇā) - with an arrow, with a feathered object

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of patrin

patrin - feathered, winged; an arrow; a bird

त्वरया (tvarayā) - with speed, with haste

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tvarā

tvarā - haste, speed, quickness, swiftness

परया (parayā) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, utmost, other

Note: Agrees with 'tvarayā'

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined, equipped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in, fit, proper

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'yuj' (to join, to connect)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'drauṇiḥ'

दर्शयन् (darśayan) - demonstrating, showing, displaying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darśayat

darśayat - showing, demonstrating, displaying, causing to see

Present Active Participle (causative)

Causative stem of root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'drauṇiḥ'

अस्त्रलाघवम् (astralāghavam) - skill in weaponry, agility with weapons

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astralāghava

astralāghava - skill in weapons, dexterity with weapons, lightness in wielding weapons

Compound type : tatpurusha (astra+lāghava)

• astra – weapon, missile, arrow
  noun (neuter)
• lāghava – lightness, agility, quickness, skill, dexterity
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'laghu' (light, swift)