महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-11, verse-36

तावन्योन्यं ध्वजौ विद्ध्वा सारथी च महारथौ ।
अन्योन्यस्य हयान्विद्ध्वा बिभिदाते परस्परम् ॥३६॥

36. tāvanyonyaṁ dhvajau viddhvā sārathī ca mahārathau ,
anyonyasya hayānviddhvā bibhidāte parasparam.

36. tau anyonyam dhvajau viddhvā sārathī ca mahārathau
anyonyasya hayān viddhvā bibhidāte parasparam

36. tau mahārathau anyonyam dhvajau ca sārathī viddhvā
anyonyasya hayān viddhvā parasparam bibhidāte

36. The two great warriors first pierced each other's banners and charioteers. Then, having pierced each other's horses, they proceeded to strike each other.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Refers to the two great warriors. (those two, they (dual))

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other's, mutually

• ध्वजौ (dhvajau) - banners, standards (dual)

• विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having wounded, having struck

• सारथी (sārathī) - charioteers (dual)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महारथौ (mahārathau) - the two great warriors, the two heroes

• अन्योन्यस्य (anyonyasya) - of each other, each other's

• हयान् (hayān) - horses (plural)

• विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having wounded, having struck

• बिभिदाते (bibhidāte) - they struck each other, they assailed each other

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Refers to the two great warriors. (those two, they (dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the "mahārathau" from the previous verse and this verse.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other's, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of anyonya

anyonya - mutual, reciprocal, each other

Note: Used adverbially.

ध्वजौ (dhvajau) - banners, standards (dual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard, emblem

Root: dhvaj

Note: Objects of "viddhvā".

विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having wounded, having struck

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √vyadh (to pierce, strike).

Root: vyadh

Note: Used twice in the verse, with different objects.

सारथी (sārathī) - charioteers (dual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Objects of "viddhvā".

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects "dhvajau" and "sārathī".

महारथौ (mahārathau) - the two great warriors, the two heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great hero, commander of a large chariot force

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in compounds)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rath

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अन्योन्यस्य (anyonyasya) - of each other, each other's

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of anyonya

anyonya - mutual, reciprocal, each other

Note: Possessive, governing "hayān".

हयान् (hayān) - horses (plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

Root: hi

Note: Objects of "viddhvā".

विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having wounded, having struck

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √vyadh (to pierce, strike).

Root: vyadh

Note: Used twice in the verse, with different objects.

बिभिदाते (bibhidāte) - they struck each other, they assailed each other

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, perfect (liṭ) of bhid

Perfect (liṭ), middle voice, dual, 3rd person

Reduplicated form of √bhid.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: The middle voice emphasizes reciprocal action, hence "struck each other".

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal, each other

Note: Used adverbially to emphasize mutual action.