महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-152, verse-40

सोऽवतीर्य रथोपस्थाद्धताश्वो हतसारथिः ।
तस्मै गुर्वीं गदां घोरां स विनद्योत्ससर्ज ह ॥४०॥

40. so'vatīrya rathopasthāddhatāśvo hatasārathiḥ ,
tasmai gurvīṁ gadāṁ ghorāṁ sa vinadyotsasarja ha.

40. saḥ avatīrya rathopasthāt hatāśvaḥ hatasārathiḥ
tasmai gurvīm gadām ghorām saḥ vinadya utsasarja ha

40. saḥ hatāśvaḥ hatasārathiḥ rathopasthāt avatīrya
saḥ vinadya gurvīm ghorām gadām tasmai utsasarja ha

40. He, whose horses and charioteer had been killed, descended from the chariot's platform. Roaring, he hurled a heavy, terrible mace at him.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (masc. nom. sg.)

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having dismounted

• रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot's platform, from the chariot's stand

• हताश्वः (hatāśvaḥ) - (the person) whose horses were killed (whose horses are killed)

• हतसारथिः (hatasārathiḥ) - (the person) whose charioteer was killed (whose charioteer is killed)

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, for him, at him

• गुर्वीम् (gurvīm) - heavy, weighty, important

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

• घोराम् (ghorām) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

• सः (saḥ) - The same warrior mentioned earlier. (he, that (masc. nom. sg.))

• विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared, having shouted

• उत्ससर्ज (utsasarja) - he hurled, he discharged, he threw

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that (masc. nom. sg.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having dismounted

(indeclinable)

absolutive

prefix 'ava' + root 'tṛ' (to cross, pass over) with suffix '-ya' for absolutive

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: absolutive (gerund) form

रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot's platform, from the chariot's stand

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot's platform/stand

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, thigh, private part, proximity, platform
  noun (masculine)

हताश्वः (hatāśvaḥ) - (the person) whose horses were killed (whose horses are killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - whose horses are killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root 'han' (to strike, kill) + suffix '-ta'
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: qualifies the implied subject (saḥ)

हतसारथिः (hatasārathiḥ) - (the person) whose charioteer was killed (whose charioteer is killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatasārathi

hatasārathi - whose charioteer is killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+sārathi)

• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root 'han' (to strike, kill) + suffix '-ta'
  Root: han (class 2)
• sārathi – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)

Note: qualifies the implied subject (saḥ)

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, for him, at him

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: dative singular masculine form of 'tad'

गुर्वीम् (gurvīm) - heavy, weighty, important

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guru

guru - heavy, weighty; respected person, teacher (guru)

Note: accusative singular feminine form, agrees with gadām

गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

घोराम् (ghorām) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce

Note: accusative singular feminine form, agrees with gadām

सः (saḥ) - The same warrior mentioned earlier. (he, that (masc. nom. sg.))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'

विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared, having shouted

(indeclinable)

absolutive

prefix 'vi' + root 'nad' (to sound, roar) with suffix '-ya' for absolutive

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: absolutive (gerund) form

उत्ससर्ज (utsasarja) - he hurled, he discharged, he threw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of sṛj

Perfect Active

prefix 'ud' + root 'sṛj' (to create, emit), perfect form

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely (particle)

(indeclinable)