महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-144, verse-8

अत्यन्तवैरिणं दृप्तं दृष्ट्वा शत्रुं तथागतम् ।
ननाद शकुनी राजंस्तपान्ते जलदो यथा ॥८॥

8. atyantavairiṇaṁ dṛptaṁ dṛṣṭvā śatruṁ tathāgatam ,
nanāda śakunī rājaṁstapānte jalado yathā.

8. atyantavairiṇam dṛptam dṛṣṭvā śatrum tathāgatam
nanāda śakunī rājan tapānte jaladaḥ yathā

8. rājan,
atyantavairiṇam,
dṛptam,
tathāgatam śatrum dṛṣṭvā,
śakunī nanāda,
yathā tapānte jaladaḥ (nanāda).

8. Seeing his extremely hostile and arrogant enemy (Nakula) thus arrived, O King, Shakuni roared like a cloud at the end of the hot season.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्यन्तवैरिणम् (atyantavairiṇam) - his extremely hostile enemy (Nakula) (a bitter enemy, a great foe)

• दृप्तम् (dṛptam) - arrogant (referring to Nakula, despite being wounded) (arrogant, proud, haughty)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• शत्रुम् (śatrum) - the enemy (Nakula) (enemy, foe)

• तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - having arrived in such a state (wounded and fallen) (thus arrived, having come in such a manner)

• ननाद (nanāda) - roared (in triumph) (roared, shouted, sounded)

• शकुनी (śakunī) - Shakuni (the Gandhara prince and maternal uncle of Duryodhana) (Shakuni (a bird, name of a character))

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• तपान्ते (tapānte) - at the end of the hot season (when rain clouds gather) (at the end of heat, at the end of summer)

• जलदः (jaladaḥ) - a rain cloud (cloud (literally 'water-giver'))

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्यन्तवैरिणम् (atyantavairiṇam) - his extremely hostile enemy (Nakula) (a bitter enemy, a great foe)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atyantavairin

atyantavairin - extremely hostile, a bitter foe

Tatpuruṣa compound: atyanta + vairin.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyanta+vairin)

• atyanta – extreme, excessive, very much
  adjective (Array)
  Compound of ati (beyond) + anta (end).
  Prefix: ati
• vairin – enemy, hostile
  noun (masculine)
  From vaira (hostility) + -in suffix (possessive).

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृप्तम् (dṛptam) - arrogant (referring to Nakula, despite being wounded) (arrogant, proud, haughty)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dṛpta

dṛpta - proud, arrogant, haughty, excited

Past Passive Participle

Root dṛp (to be proud, to boast); formed with kta suffix.

Root: dṛp (class 4)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root dṛś (to see); formed with ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शत्रुम् (śatrum) - the enemy (Nakula) (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

u-stem noun.

Root: śat (class 1)

तथागतम् (tathāgatam) - having arrived in such a state (wounded and fallen) (thus arrived, having come in such a manner)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathāgata

tathāgata - thus come, thus arrived, in such a state

Past Passive Participle

Compound: tathā (thus) + āgata (arrived).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tathā+āgata)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• āgata – arrived, come, obtained
  adjective (Array)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root gam (to go) with prefix ā-; formed with kta suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

ननाद (nanāda) - roared (in triumph) (roared, shouted, sounded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nad

Perfect tense, P.P. (Parasmaipada)

Root nad (to roar). Perfect tense formation.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

शकुनी (śakunī) - Shakuni (the Gandhara prince and maternal uncle of Duryodhana) (Shakuni (a bird, name of a character))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird; name of the maternal uncle of Duryodhana

i-stem noun.

Root: śak (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

तपान्ते (tapānte) - at the end of the hot season (when rain clouds gather) (at the end of heat, at the end of summer)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tapānta

tapānta - end of heat, end of summer

Tatpuruṣa compound: tapasya antaḥ (end of heat).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (tapas+anta)

• tapas – heat, summer, penance, asceticism (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
  From root tap (to heat).
  Root: tap (class 1)
• anta – end, boundary, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Temporal location.

जलदः (jaladaḥ) - a rain cloud (cloud (literally 'water-giver'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jalada

jalada - cloud (water-giver)

Upapada tatpuruṣa compound: jalaṃ dadāti iti (one who gives water).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (jala+da)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, giver
  adjective (Array)
  From root dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Part of the simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)

Particle introducing a comparison.