महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-144, verse-25

स छाद्यमानः समरे गौतमेन यशस्विना ।
व्यषीदत रथोपस्थे शिखण्डी रथिनां वरः ॥२५॥

25. sa chādyamānaḥ samare gautamena yaśasvinā ,
vyaṣīdata rathopasthe śikhaṇḍī rathināṁ varaḥ.

25. saḥ chādyamānaḥ samare gautamena yaśasvinā
vyaṣīdata rathopasthe śikhaṇḍī rathinām varaḥ

25. śikhaṇḍī rathinām varaḥ,
gautamena yaśasvinā samare chādyamānaḥ,
saḥ rathopasthe vyaṣīdata.

25. Shikhaṇḍī, the foremost among charioteers, being overwhelmed in battle by the renowned Gautama, became dejected in the seat of his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• छाद्यमानः (chādyamānaḥ) - being overwhelmed (in battle) (being covered, being concealed, being overwhelmed)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

• गौतमेन (gautamena) - by Kṛpa (the son of Śaradvan, also known as Gautama) (by Gautama, by the descendant of Gotama)

• यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious, by the famous

• व्यषीदत (vyaṣīdata) - he sat down, he became dejected, he sank down

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the seat of the chariot, in the inner part of the chariot

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhaṇḍī (proper noun)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best, excellent, choicest

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

छाद्यमानः (chādyamānaḥ) - being overwhelmed (in battle) (being covered, being concealed, being overwhelmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chādyamāna

chādyamāna - being covered, being concealed, being overwhelmed (present passive participle)

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root √chad (to cover, conceal) with the śānac suffix, indicating a passive action in progress.

Root: chad (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

गौतमेन (gautamena) - by Kṛpa (the son of Śaradvan, also known as Gautama) (by Gautama, by the descendant of Gotama)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - descendant of Gotama, a patronymic; name of a sage, Kṛpa

यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious, by the famous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned, celebrated

Note: Agrees with 'Gautamena'.

व्यषीदत (vyaṣīdata) - he sat down, he became dejected, he sank down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyaṣīdat

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root √sad (to sit, sink, become dejected) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the seat of the chariot, in the inner part of the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - seat of a chariot, interior of a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, seat, vicinity, inner part
  noun (masculine)

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhaṇḍī (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhaṇḍī (name of a warrior in the Mahābhārata, originally born as a female but later transformed into a male)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

वरः (varaḥ) - the best, excellent, choicest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest; a boon, a blessing; a bridegroom

Note: Often used as the superlative 'best among...'