महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-144, verse-27

विमुखं तं रणे दृष्ट्वा याज्ञसेनिं महारथम् ।
पाञ्चालाः सोमकाश्चैव परिवव्रुः समन्ततः ॥२७॥

27. vimukhaṁ taṁ raṇe dṛṣṭvā yājñaseniṁ mahāratham ,
pāñcālāḥ somakāścaiva parivavruḥ samantataḥ.

27. vimukham tam raṇe dṛṣṭvā yājñasenim mahāratham
pāñcālāḥ somakāḥ ca eva parivavruḥ samantataḥ

27. raṇe vimukham tam mahāratham yājñasenim dṛṣṭvā,
pāñcālāḥ ca eva somakāḥ samantataḥ parivavruḥ.

27. Having seen that Yājñaseni, the great charioteer, had turned away in battle, the Pañcālas and Somakas indeed surrounded him from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• विमुखम् (vimukham) - turned away, averted, hostile, disinclined

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• याज्ञसेनिम् (yājñasenim) - Shikhaṇḍī, as adopted son of Drupada (who performed a yajña to get a son, hence Yājñaseni) (Yājñaseni (proper noun, referring to Shikhaṇḍī))

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting many charioteers

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - The warriors from the Pañcāla kingdom, allies of the Pāṇḍavas. (the Pañcālas (a tribe/kingdom))

• सोमकाः (somakāḥ) - The warriors of the Somaka clan, allies of the Pāṇḍavas, often associated with the Pañcālas. (the Somakas (a tribe/clan))

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

• परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded, they enveloped

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, completely

Words meanings and morphology

विमुखम् (vimukham) - turned away, averted, hostile, disinclined

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vimukha

vimukha - turned away, averted (face), hostile, disinclined

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, fight

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √dṛś (to see) with the ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

याज्ञसेनिम् (yājñasenim) - Shikhaṇḍī, as adopted son of Drupada (who performed a yajña to get a son, hence Yājñaseni) (Yājñaseni (proper noun, referring to Shikhaṇḍī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yājñaseni

yājñaseni - descendant of Yājñasena; Draupadī (daughter of Drupada, who was also called Yājñasena); Shikhaṇḍī (who was raised by Drupada)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting many charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior of high rank and skill

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; charioteer (often used metaphorically for a warrior)
  noun (masculine)

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - The warriors from the Pañcāla kingdom, allies of the Pāṇḍavas. (the Pañcālas (a tribe/kingdom))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king of the Pañcālas; belonging to the country of Pañcāla; the people of the Pañcāla country

सोमकाः (somakāḥ) - The warriors of the Somaka clan, allies of the Pāṇḍavas, often associated with the Pañcālas. (the Somakas (a tribe/clan))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - a name of a king; a particular tribe or people, often allied with the Pañcālas

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded, they enveloped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of parivavṛ

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. Root √vṛ (to cover, encompass) with prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, completely

(indeclinable)