महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-144, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
नकुलं रभसं युद्धे निघ्नन्तं वाहिनीं तव ।
अभ्ययात्सौबलः क्रुद्धस्तिष्ठ तिष्ठेति चाब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
nakulaṁ rabhasaṁ yuddhe nighnantaṁ vāhinīṁ tava ,
abhyayātsaubalaḥ kruddhastiṣṭha tiṣṭheti cābravīt.

1. sañjaya uvāca | nakulam rabhasam
yuddhe nighnantam vāhinīm
tava | abhyayāt saubalaḥ kruddhaḥ
tiṣṭha tiṣṭha iti ca abravīt

1. sañjaya uvāca yuddhe rabhasam tava vāhinīm nighnantam nakulam
kruddhaḥ saubalaḥ abhyayāt ca tiṣṭha tiṣṭha iti abravīt

1. Sanjaya said: Saubala, enraged, advanced against Nakula, who was fiercely striking down your army in battle, and cried out, "Stop, stop!"

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

• रभसम् (rabhasam) - impetuous, furious, violent

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• निघ्नन्तम् (nighnantam) - striking down, killing, slaying

• वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - army, host, troop

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - advanced against, approached, attacked

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Saubala (son of Subala, i.e., Shakuni)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stop, stand, stay

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stop, stand, stay

• इति (iti) - introduces direct speech (thus, so)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke, told

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (one of the Pandava brothers)

रभसम् (rabhasam) - impetuous, furious, violent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rabhasa

rabhasa - impetuous, violent, furious, quick

Note: Agrees with 'nakulam'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

निघ्नन्तम् (nighnantam) - striking down, killing, slaying

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nighnant

nighnant - striking down, killing, slaying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root han- (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni- and present participle suffix -at.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'nakulam'.

वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - army, host, troop

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāhinī

vāhinī - army, host, troop, stream

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - advanced against, approached, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, with upasargas abhi- and ā-.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: i (class 2)

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Saubala (son of Subala, i.e., Shakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala (a name for Shakuni)

Patronymic from Subala.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh- (to be angry) with suffix -ta.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'saubalaḥ'.

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stop, stand, stay

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative Active

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stop, stand, stay

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative Active

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)

इति (iti) - introduces direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke, told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: brū (class 2)