महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-144, verse-30

द्रवतां सादिनां चैव गजानां च विशां पते ।
अन्योन्यमभितो राजन्क्रूरमायोधनं बभौ ॥३०॥

30. dravatāṁ sādināṁ caiva gajānāṁ ca viśāṁ pate ,
anyonyamabhito rājankrūramāyodhanaṁ babhau.

30. dravatām sādinām ca eva gajānām ca viśām pate
anyonyam abhitaḥ rājan krūram āyodhanam babhau

30. rājan,
viśām pate,
dravatām sādinām ca eva gajānām ca anyonyam abhitaḥ krūram āyodhanam babhau.

30. O King, Lord of men, a cruel combat was seen all around among the rushing horsemen and elephants as they charged each other.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रवताम् (dravatām) - of those rushing, of those fleeing

• सादिनाम् (sādinām) - of riders, of cavalrymen

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• गजानाम् (gajānām) - of elephants

• च (ca) - and

• विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

• अभितः (abhitaḥ) - around, on all sides, near

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel, fierce, dreadful

• आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battle, combat, fighting

• बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared, was seen

Words meanings and morphology

द्रवताम् (dravatām) - of those rushing, of those fleeing

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dravat

dravat - running, rushing, flowing, fleeing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dru- (to run, flow).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'sādinām' and 'gajānām'.

सादिनाम् (sādinām) - of riders, of cavalrymen

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - horseman, rider, cavalryman

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'sādinām' and 'gajānām'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word or phrase.

गजानाम् (gajānām) - of elephants

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'sādinām' and 'gajānām'.

विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

Note: Part of the compound 'viśām pate' (Lord of men).

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Part of the compound 'viśām pate' (Lord of men).

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anya+anya)

• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)
• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially here, 'towards each other'.

अभितः (abhitaḥ) - around, on all sides, near

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the accusative 'anyonyam'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Duplicates vocative address with 'viśām pate'.

क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel, fierce, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, dreadful, bloody

Note: Agrees with 'āyodhanam'.

आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battle, combat, fighting

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyodhana

āyodhana - battle, combat, fighting place

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'babhau'.

बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared, was seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhā

Perfect Tense

Root bhā, perfect 3rd singular.

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'āyodhanam'.