महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-144, verse-12

सोऽतिविद्धो महाराज रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ।
तं विसंज्ञं निपतितं दृष्ट्वा स्यालं तवानघ ।
अपोवाह रथेनाशु सारथिर्ध्वजिनीमुखात् ॥१२॥

12. so'tividdho mahārāja rathopastha upāviśat ,
taṁ visaṁjñaṁ nipatitaṁ dṛṣṭvā syālaṁ tavānagha ,
apovāha rathenāśu sārathirdhvajinīmukhāt.

12. saḥ atividdhaḥ mahārāja rathopasthe
upāviśat tam visaṃjñam nipatitam
dṛṣṭvā syālam tava anagha apovāha
rathena āśu sārathiḥ dhvajinīmukhāt

12. mahārāja anagha atividdhaḥ saḥ
rathopasthe upāviśat sārathiḥ tava
syālam tam visaṃjñam nipatitam dṛṣṭvā
āśu rathena dhvajinīmukhāt apovāha

12. O great king, O sinless one, he (Śakuni), excessively wounded, sat down in the chariot's seat. Seeing your brother-in-law (Śakuni) fallen unconscious, the charioteer quickly drove him away with the chariot from the front lines of the army.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Śakuni (he)

• अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - excessively pierced, severely wounded

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot seat/platform

• उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down, settled down

• तम् (tam) - your brother-in-law Śakuni (him)

• विसंज्ञम् (visaṁjñam) - unconscious, senseless, bewildered

• निपतितम् (nipatitam) - fallen, fallen down

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• स्यालम् (syālam) - brother-in-law (wife's brother)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, drove away

• रथेन (rathena) - by the chariot, with the chariot

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

• ध्वजिनीमुखात् (dhvajinīmukhāt) - from the front of the army, from the vanguard

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Śakuni (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - excessively pierced, severely wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atividdha

atividdha - excessively pierced, severely wounded, deeply struck

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from the prefixed root √vyadh (to pierce) with prefixes ati and vi.

Prefixes: ati+vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot seat/platform

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot seat, chariot box

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, seat, couch, platform
  noun (masculine)

उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down, settled down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of upa-viś

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

तम् (tam) - your brother-in-law Śakuni (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विसंज्ञम् (visaṁjñam) - unconscious, senseless, bewildered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of visaṃjña

visaṁjña - unconscious, senseless, bewildered, without understanding

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+saṃjñā)

• vi – without, lacking, dis-
  indeclinable
• saṃjñā – consciousness, understanding, knowledge
  noun (feminine)

निपतितम् (nipatitam) - fallen, fallen down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen down, descended, prostrate

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from the prefixed root √pat (to fall) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive (gerund) formation from root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्यालम् (syālam) - brother-in-law (wife's brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of syāla

syāla - wife's brother, brother-in-law

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one, O faultless one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure, innocent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+agha)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• agha – sin, fault, evil, distress
  noun (neuter)

अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, drove away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of apa-vah

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

रथेन (rathena) - by the chariot, with the chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

ध्वजिनीमुखात् (dhvajinīmukhāt) - from the front of the army, from the vanguard

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dhvajinīmukha

dhvajinīmukha - front of an army, vanguard (lit. mouth of the army)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhvajinī+mukha)

• dhvajinī – army (lit. having banners)
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – mouth, face, front, chief part
  noun (neuter)