महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-144, verse-31

पत्तीनां द्रवतां चैव पदशब्देन मेदिनी ।
अकम्पत महाराज भयत्रस्तेव चाङ्गना ॥३१॥

31. pattīnāṁ dravatāṁ caiva padaśabdena medinī ,
akampata mahārāja bhayatrasteva cāṅganā.

31. pattīnām dravatām ca eva padaśabdena medinī
akampata mahārāja bhayatrasta iva ca aṅganā

31. mahārāja,
dravatām pattīnām ca eva padaśabdena medinī,
bhayatrasta aṅganā iva ca,
akampata.

31. O great King, the earth trembled from the sound of the rushing foot soldiers, just like a woman terrified by fear.

Words meanings summery:

• पत्तीनाम् (pattīnām) - of foot soldiers

• द्रवताम् (dravatām) - of those rushing, of those moving swiftly

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• पदशब्देन (padaśabdena) - by the sound of footsteps

• मेदिनी (medinī) - the earth

• अकम्पत (akampata) - trembled, shook

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great King

• भयत्रस्त (bhayatrasta) - fear-stricken, terrified by fear

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• च (ca) - and

• अङ्गना (aṅganā) - a woman

Words meanings and morphology

पत्तीनाम् (pattīnām) - of foot soldiers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pattin

pattin - foot soldier, infantry

Note: Qualifies 'dravatām'.

द्रवताम् (dravatām) - of those rushing, of those moving swiftly

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dravat

dravat - running, rushing, moving swiftly

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dru- (to run, move).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pattīnām'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with previous verse's idea.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasis.

पदशब्देन (padaśabdena) - by the sound of footsteps

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of padaśabda

padaśabda - sound of footsteps, noise of feet

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pada+śabda)

• pada – foot, step, trace
  noun (neuter)
• śabda – sound, noise, word
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the cause of trembling.

मेदिनी (medinī) - the earth

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - the earth, ground

Note: Subject of 'akampata'.

अकम्पत (akampata) - trembled, shook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kamp

Imperfect Tense

Root kamp, imperfect 3rd singular, Ātmanepada.

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'medinī'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

भयत्रस्त (bhayatrasta) - fear-stricken, terrified by fear

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhayatrasta

bhayatrasta - fear-stricken, terrified by fear

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+trasta)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• trasta – frightened, terrified
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root tras- (to tremble, be afraid).
  Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aṅganā'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the simile.

अङ्गना (aṅganā) - a woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aṅganā

aṅganā - a woman, a female

Note: Object of comparison.